From a health perspective as well as from a national eugenics perspective, newborn hearing screening is mandatory for every newborn. It is through the screening process that the audiological diagnosis and clinical diagnosis of children can be promoted, thus enabling early detection, early diagnosis and early intervention, rehabilitation and treatment of pediatric speech-language disorders. Newborns with the following conditions (within 28 days of birth) should be screened more closely: 1) those admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit for more than 48 hours due to some disease or reason; 2) those with a history of congenital hereditary deafness in a relative; 3) those with features of concomitant hearing impairment syndrome; 4) those with craniofacial malformations, including abnormalities of the auricle and external auditory canal; 5) those with intrauterine infections in the mother, such as cytomegalovirus, herpes virus 5. Intrauterine infection of the mother, such as cytomegalovirus, herpes virus, rubella virus, etc. 6. Neonatal bilirubin encephalopathy and hyperbilirubinemia; 7. Neonatal weight less than 1500 grams; 8. Neonatal ototoxic drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics after birth; 9. Prolonged mechanical oxygen administration, equal to or greater than 10 days. The following infants and children (29 days to 3 years of age) should have more attention to hearing screening and hearing monitoring: 1) parents of children with concerns about their child’s hearing, speech, and language formation or development; 2) family history of permanent childhood sensorineural hearing impairment; 3) infections associated with hearing impairment or abnormal eustachian tube function; 4) neurodegenerative diseases, such as Hunter syndrome, or motor sensory neuropathy. or motor sensory neuropathy, etc. 5. Cranial trauma; 6. Persistent or recurrent exudative otitis media for more than 3 months; 7. Infections associated with sensorineural impairment after birth, including bacterial meningitis, mumps, varicella virus, measles virus infection, etc. The above newborns, infants and children should pay more attention to hearing screening and hearing monitoring, so that pediatric hearing disorders can be detected early, diagnosed early, and rehabilitated with early intervention to reduce hearing disability and allow hearing-impaired children to return to the audible world and have normal social communication.