Finger (toe) bone infarction is one of the symptoms of sickle cell anemia (crescentcellanaemia, sickle-cellanemia), which is a hereditary blood disorder and can also become a pure-hybrid sickle cell disease with clinical manifestations of varying degrees of hemolytic anemia and mild jaundice. Vascular occlusive crisis is its prominent manifestation, often with severe pain at the trunk and extremities, including visceral, bone, joint and muscle pain, especially metacarpal, epiphyseal and phalangeal (toe) infarcts are common, with infection, dehydration, hypoxia and acidosis as its triggers. Infections, dehydration, hypoxia and acidosis are the causes. Visceral and cerebrovascular infarcts show corresponding signs and symptoms. Clinical signs are rare during the first 6 months of life and are usually diagnosed within 2 years of age. The majority of children with HbSS disease in the pure-zygotic state die before the age of 7 years. Clinical signs include hemolysis, anemia, and signs of vascular occlusion. Splenomegaly is seen in childhood and, thereafter, atrophy due to recurrent infarction and diffuse fibrosis. Functional absence of spleen, seen in young children, predisposes patients to infections, especially Salmonella infections. Infection and folic acid deficiency can lead to low erythropoiesis and the development of aplastic crisis. Leg ulcers are a common skin manifestation. Due to chronic anemia, the heart is often enlarged and older individuals may develop cardiopulmonary insufficiency. Gallstones and cholecystitis are also common complications due to prolonged massive hemolysis. Recurrent joint pain and significant heart enlargement are easily misdiagnosed as rheumatism, acute abdominal pain is easily misdiagnosed as acute abdomen, and osteonecrosis can be misdiagnosed as bacterial osteomyelitis, an infection and destruction of bone caused by aerobic or anaerobic bacteria, mycobacteria and fungi. Osteomyelitis occurs in the vertebrae, in the feet of diabetic patients or in penetrating bone damage due to trauma or surgery.