Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS): It is a systemic inflammatory response of uncontrolled self-sustained amplification and self-destruction of the organism caused by the action of infectious or non-infectious etiologies on the organism. It is a clinical process in which the organism experiences an excessive stress response for repair and survival. When the body is hit by exogenous damage or infectious toxic substances, the initial inflammatory response can be triggered, while the body produces endogenous immune inflammatory factors to form a “waterfall effect”. So, how to prevent the peripheral inflammatory reaction patients should enter? The following is a brief introduction: 1, the peripheral inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is a pro-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory self-stabilizing imbalance in the body, accompanied by a decline in immune defense function, sustained uncontrolled inflammatory response, with the in-depth study of SIRS, from the inflammation out of control, regulation to understand the pathogenesis, to take targeted treatment. 2, the key lies in the primary disease and its etiology, such as dealing with trauma, find the foci of infection sooner or later, apply sensitive antibiotics for the bacteria of the disease, stop the inflammatory response to further damage to the lung; more urgent is to correct the patient’s severe hypoxia in a timely manner, to win valuable time to treat the underlying disease. In the respiratory support treatment, it is important to prevent the occurrence of complications such as proposed pressure injury, secondary infection of the respiratory tract and oxygen toxicity. Exploring new pharmacological treatments according to the pathogenesis of lung injury is also an important direction of research.