【Diagnosis】 Chronic HBV infection with HBsAg positivity persisting for more than 6 months without liver disease-related symptoms and signs; normal serum transamination can make the corresponding diagnosis. 1, chronic HBV carriers: positive serum HBsAg and HBV DNA, positive HBeAg or anti-HBe, but more than 3 consecutive follow-ups within 1 year, serum ALT and AST are in normal range, and liver histological examination is generally not significantly abnormal. 2. Inactive HBsAg carriers: positive serum HBsAg, negative HBeAg, positive or negative anti-HBe, undetectable HBV DNA (PCR method) or below the minimum detection limit, more than 3 consecutive follow-ups within 1 year, and ALT all within normal range. Liver histological examination shows that Knodell’s Hepatitis Activity Index (HAI) <4 or other semi-quantitative scoring system lesions are mild. Differential diagnosis】 1. Subclinical hepatitis B: Infection with HBV may present a transient subclinical course without symptoms and signs. HBsAg is transiently positive and then turns negative, and anti-HBs can generally be detected within 6 months. 2. Hepatitis B latent period: After infection with HBV, HBsAg is positive when serum ALT is elevated 10-60 days before and before clinical symptoms appear, because hepatitis B The incubation period of hepatitis B does not exceed 6 months, the need for close follow-up of infected patients, such as the emergence of ALT elevation and hepatitis performance can confirm the diagnosis of hepatitis B. Examination】 1. Biochemistry, virology, alpha-fetoprotein and imaging every 3 to 6 months. 2, CD80, CD86. 3, liver aspiration test: to further confirm the diagnosis and the corresponding treatment. 【Treatment】 1, chronic HBV carriers: if liver histology shows Knodell HAI ≥ 4, or ≥ G2/S2 inflammatory necrosis/fibrosis, antiviral therapy is required. If hepatitis lesions are not obvious or liver histology is not done, it is recommended to withhold treatment. Once there is ALT ≥ 2×ULN and concurrent HBV DNA positivity, IFNα or nucleoside (acid) analogues are available for treatment. 2. Inactive HBsAg carriers: generally no treatment is required. Once the ALT ≥ 2 × ULN, and at the same time HBV DNA positive, available IFNα or nucleoside (acid) analog therapy. 3, HBV carriers with normal but increased ALT levels than before or with disease progression hints such as progressive thickening of the spleen (large), older HBV carriers (>40 years old) should be closely followed up and liver biopsy is recommended to decide whether antiviral therapy according to pathological results.