If you suspect that you have a disease that may require surgical treatment, you should be proactive and seek medical attention. The department where surgery is the primary treatment is also commonly referred to as surgery.
How should I seek medical attention when I arrive at the hospital?
The first step is to find a surgical clinic, but how to choose from the many departments?
For general abdominal organs such as gastrointestinal, liver, gallbladder, pancreas and spleen, breast and thyroid disorders, you should go to general surgery.
Diseases of the joints, muscles and bones of the extremities and spinal disorders should be seen in orthopedics.
Diseases of the heart, large blood vessels, trachea and lungs should be seen in cardiothoracic surgery.
Disorders of the kidneys, ureter, bladder, urethra, and male reproductive system should be seen in urology.
Cranial and spinal cord disorders should be seen at the Department of Brain Surgery.
Burns, medical aesthetics, etc. should be seen in plastic surgery.
Eye, ear, nose and throat and oral diseases should go to the department of ophthalmology and some hospitals are specifically divided into ophthalmology, stomatology and otorhinolaryngology.
The above are subspecialties according to body parts, in addition, different surgical subspecialties are also formed according to the patient’s age or surgical characteristics, such as pediatric surgery, cavity surgery, etc.
As the field of clinical surgery continues to expand and specialized research becomes more in-depth, further subspecialties are formed according to organ systems and types of diseases, such as vascular surgery, hepatobiliary surgery, etc., which makes the diagnosis and treatment of diseases more detailed. By following the above classification, misdiagnosis can be avoided and more reasonable treatment can be obtained.
Step 2: After seeing the doctor of the relevant department, how to better introduce the disease clearly to facilitate the doctor’s diagnosis?
(1) First, briefly describe the reason for the visit and the main symptoms of discomfort, including the duration of the attack, the pattern of attacks, the location of discomfort and other symptoms that accompany it.
(2) Bring all the previous medical records, laboratory tests, imaging films, etc., and tell the doctor about the past treatment, such as in what hospital, what methods were used and how effective they were, the names and uses of the drugs used and how effective they were.
(3) Also introduce the history of other previous diseases, especially heart, brain, endocrine, and hematological system diseases, history of previous surgeries, and history of drug allergies.
In the patient’s account, the doctor will also often ask some relevant questions to clarify the diagnosis according to the situation.
Examination instructions
What are the general examinations before and after surgery
The purpose of the general examination is to have a preliminary understanding of the patient’s general condition and major organ functions before and after surgery, and to objectively evaluate his ability to tolerate the surgery. They generally include.
(1) General laboratory tests: blood, urine and stool routine. Blood routine is a general examination of blood, usually refers to the quantity and quality of the two main components of blood, red blood cells and white blood cells, including red blood cell count, hemoglobin measurement, white blood cell count and white blood cell classification. Nowadays, automated instruments are mostly used for testing. Urine routine is a general test of urine, mainly including color, specific gravity, urine sugar, protein and red blood cells, white blood cells and other items, which is an important sign to reflect urinary system disorders and other diseases that cause changes in the urinary system.
Stool examination can check its morphology and color, parasites and the presence of bleeding and other indicators. The examination of bleeding and coagulation function helps to avoid dangers such as bleeding disorders leading to excessive bleeding or even hemorrhage before and after surgery. Other tests include liver function, kidney function, blood electrolytes, and tests related to hepatitis and AIDS. Generally, the patient should be fasting before the blood test.
(2) Electrocardiogram: It is a simple and effective test to reflect the condition of the heart through the electrical signal of the heart muscle recorded on the surface of the body, and is sensitive to myocardial ischemia, heart attack, abnormal heart rate, conduction block, etc.
(3) Chest fluoroscopy: Using the penetrating nature of X-rays to make various tissues of different densities in the human body produce images on the fluorescent screen, which can be used for chest to mainly understand the size of the heart and whether there are infections, tuberculosis and swellings in the lungs.