1. What is the physiological organization of the mammary gland? The mammary gland is composed of ducts, lobules, alveoli and interlobular connective tissue. Each side of the mammary gland consists of 15-20 independent ductal systems. Each ductal system is a lobe of the breast, including the ducts, lobules and alveoli. 2. Briefly describe the distribution of lymph nodes and lymphatic vessels in the mammary gland and their direction of flow. The lymphatic network in the dermis of the mammary gland, the lymphatic plexus formed under and around the areola, the lymphatic ducts are invariably present in the lobules, and the basal lymphatic ducts and the plexus of thoracic tendon lymphatic ducts. The axillary lymph node group, the lymphatic group between the pectoralis major and minor muscles and the clavicle are lymph node groups in most cases flow to the upper thoracic inlet, the parastomal lymph nodes and intercostal lymph can also follow this course, and can also enter the chest directly. Of course, after the lymphatic vessels are blocked by breast cancer, the flow can also be reversed. 3.What are the endocrine hormones related to the physiological changes of breast? Ovarian hormone, progesterone, pituitary hormone (including: prolactin, gonadotropin, thyroid stimulating hormone, growth hormone and adrenocorticotropic hormone), adrenocorticotropic hormone, thyroid hormone, placental hormone, and pancreatic hormone. 4.Please name 5 or more breast cancer-causing factors. Chemical factors, physical factors, viral factors, endocrine factors, micronutrient deficiencies, and dietary factors. 5. Please list the names of 6 or more benign breast tumors. Intraductal papilloma, papillary ductal adenoma, adenoma, adenofibroma, granulosa cell tumor, hemangioma, lipoma, smooth muscle tumor, adenomyoepithelioma, pleomorphic adenoma, and so on. 6.What are the aspects of breast hyperplastic lesions? Breast cystic hyperplasia, lobular hyperplasia, adenopathy, fibroadenopathy and so on. 7.What are the precancerous breast lesions? Atypical ductal epithelial hyperplasia, atypical lobular hyperplasia, papillomatosis. What are the main pathomorphologic factors related to the prognosis of breast cancer? Degree of cancer infiltration, histologic type, histologic grade, peri-cancerous border, lymphocytic infiltration, lymph node involvement, vascular and lymphatic vessel involvement and lymph node sinus histiocyte reaction. 9. What are the clinical applications of ER and PR (estrogen and progesterone receptor) test results? Evaluate the prognosis of breast cancer patients (positive is better than negative), and choose the important index of endocrine therapy (endocrine therapy is only effective for hormone-dependent breast cancer). 10, briefly describe the common immunity indexes and clinical significance of breast cancer. To assist in the early diagnosis of breast cancer (e.g. c-erbB-2 and CEA), to identify lymphatic metastasis in occult breast cancer (e.g. M4G3), and to estimate the prognosis of breast cancer (e.g. c-erbB-2, p53, nm23, PCNA, etc.) 11: List the names of more than 5 types of breast sarcomas. Lobular cystic sarcoma (now collectively called lobulated tumor), carcinosarcoma, mesenchymal sarcoma, angiosarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, malignant lymphoma. 12.What are the tumor-like lesions of the breast? (More than 6 kinds) catheter dilatation, breast cyst, malignant tumor, granulomatous mastitis, fat necrosis, foreign body granuloma, breast tuberculosis, lactational recuperation insufficiency, gynecomastia. 13.What kind of radiologic examination of breast? Molybdenum target soft X-ray examination, molybdenum target mammogram computer pseudo-color image processing, breast dry plate photography, breast CT examination, breast MRI (magnetic resonance) examination, breast ductography, breast lymphangiography, breast angiography and cystic air angiography. 14. What are the main signs of breast cancer on mammogram? ① the main signs are: smaller than clinical mass, limited dense infiltration, burr and malignant calcification; ② secondary signs are: skin thickening, limited depression (dimple sign), nipple inversion and funnel sign, increased blood flow, positive ductal sign, peritumor “swelling ring” and comet’s tail sign and so on. 15.What are the advantages and disadvantages of breast ultrasound diagnosis? Advantages: painless, non-invasive, non-radioactive damage, can be repeated, easy to operate, economical and practical, can detect the parts of the body which are difficult to be detected by molybdenum target technology, can distinguish cystic-solid masses well, can detect the tiny masses of 0.3-0.5M, can observe the situation of the ipsilateral axillary and supraclavicular lymph nodes at the same time, can provide the exact location, size and number of the masses, and can guide the biopsy by puncture, and can analyze the blood flow signals to judge the breast by the blood flow signals, can provide the accurate location, size and number of the masses, and can guide the biopsy by puncture. can determine benign and malignant tumors through blood flow signal analysis; ② disadvantages: <0.5M of the mass is difficult to determine the nature of the inflammatory disease and inflammatory breast cancer is difficult to distinguish between man-made or subjective factors can affect the results of the determination of the bony and gas-containing parts of the poor sound transmission. 16.What is the ultrasound description of malignant tumor of breast cancer? Internal echogenicity is not homogeneous, strong calcification foci can be seen but not accompanied by acoustic shadows, irregular morphology and border are not neat, "cloudy" malignant halo around the mass, posterior echogenicity is not attenuated, and the mass has rich blood supply. 17.What is "ultrasound-guided breast tissue biopsy"? It refers to the operation of using automatic biopsy gun to locate and puncture the tumor tissue under ultrasound guidance, which is simple and easy to operate, and the specimen obtained is complete and accurate, and the diagnosis is in line with the high level. 18.How is the relationship between breast cancer and estrogen? Generally speaking, the positive rate of ER in primary tumor is 50-60%, the positive rate of metastatic foci is slightly lower than that of primary foci, and those with well-differentiated tumors have higher positive rate; the positive rate of ER has nothing to do with the histological type of breast cancer, but is related to the degree of differentiation of tumors and the degree of metastasis of lymph nodes. Postmenopausal women have higher ER positivity rate than premenopausal women, ER negative patients have poor differentiation, high rate of visceral metastasis and short survival. 19. Which men are prone to "male breast hypertrophy"? Male breast hypertrophy can be seen at almost any age, relatively high incidence of 10-16 years old boys and older people over 50 years old, common onset of puberty, drug, liver disease and malnutrition, as well as hypothyroidism and testicular disease. 20.What are the higher incidence rates of breast cancer among women in China? According to the statistics of Shanghai and Beijing, 35-55 years old and 60-75 years old are the two peak ages for breast cancer in Chinese women. 21. What are the non-dietary risk factors of breast cancer? ① gender: male breast cancer is 1/100 of female breast cancer, and yellow race is lower than white race; ② overweight or obesity is weakly and positively correlated with breast cancer; ③ high incidence of breast cancer in highly educated people; ④ high risk of people with greater ideological pressure in the workplace; ⑤ regular participation in strenuous physical activity or lifelong prevention of breast cancer; ⑥ high incidence of menarche <15 years old or menopause >55 years old; ⑦ negative correlation between childbearing, breastfeeding, time limit and the incidence of breast cancer; ⑦ negatively correlated with breast cancer; ⑦ negatively correlated with breast cancer incidence; and ⑦ negatively correlated with breastfeeding, breastfeeding, and breast cancer incidence; and ⑦ negatively correlated with breast cancer incidence. The incidence rate of breast cancer is high; (7) the number and duration of childbirth and breastfeeding are negatively correlated with the incidence of breast cancer; (8) the risk of breast cancer is high if there is a history of breast disease; (9) the risk is high if there is a lot of stimulation by radiation; (10) the risk is high if there is an immediate family member who has a breast cancer patient, which will increase the relative risk of breast cancer; (11) there are also the mutation of oncogenes and oncogenic genes, viral infections, the high level of endogenous oestrogens, the high level of prolactin, the lack of progesterone, the long term use of contraceptives, the abuse of oestrogen-containing supplements or medicines and environmental pollution, and so on. will increase the risk of breast cancer. 22. What are the diet-related risk factors of breast cancer? Calorie production and sugar foods are not related to breast cancer, but excessive intake will be converted into fat, especially animal fat, which will increase the risk of breast cancer, fiber intake is negatively related to breast cancer, there is no definite conclusion about the relationship between soybean and breast cancer, and alcoholism will increase the risk of breast cancer, and the risk of breast cancer will be increased. Chemoprevention: the application of tamoxifen (triamcinolone acetonide) can reduce the incidence of breast cancer in high-risk groups; ② preventive mastectomy: unilateral breast cancer has occurred, the other side at the same time there is a very high risk of the disease can be considered; ③ to strengthen the research of underlying causes of the disease, the establishment of a comprehensive disease prevention and control organizations, early detection and treatment, reasonable diet; ④ to build a specialized diagnostic and treatment team. 24. What medical history should be asked to determine whether the breast is suffering from cancer? (1) When and how was the lump found? Is there any change in growth rate, size, relationship with menstrual cycle, and is it during pregnancy or breastfeeding? (2) Is there any erosion or overflow from the nipple, and what is the nature of the overflow? (3) Are the lymph nodes under the armpits enlarged? (4) Is breast development normal since childhood, is the size of bilateral breasts and nipple height symmetrical, and is the skin ever inverted or orange peel-like? (5) Has there been any trauma, history of inflammation or tumor? (6) Is it accompanied by functional diseases of the uterus or thyroid gland? (7) Menstruation and fertility and lactation; (8) Any family history of malignant tumors? (9) Whether there are risk factors for breast cancer. 25. What are the key areas of breast examination? (1) Breast shape: symmetrical or not, localized bulging or not? (2) Skin: pay attention to the presence of dimple sign, edema, venous dilatation, redness, satellite nodules and ulceration. (3) Whether the nipple is equal in height on both sides, with or without upward displacement, retraction or even fixation, with or without desquamation and erosion. (4) Are the axillary lymph nodes enlarged? (5) Are the supraclavicular lymph nodes enlarged? 26. What are the characteristic clinical manifestations of breast cancer? (1) Lump, its relevant items are: location, size, number, hardness, shape and border, activity degree; (2) affected side of the breast skin, its relevant items are: whether there is skin adhesion, edema, superficial veins varicose, inflammation-like manifestations, whether there are ulcers and satellite nodules; (3) nipple is relevant: nipple epidermis flaking, vesicose, retraction and fixation; (4) nipple overflow in addition to the period of pregnancy, lactation and a small number of peri-menopausal period can be seen. In addition to a small amount of fluid in pregnancy, lactation and a few perimenopausal period, all other cases must be concerned regardless of the type of fluid; (5) breast pain: 1/3 of breast cancers are accompanied by breast pain, and the occurrence of breast pain in postmenopausal women should be especially focused on. 27. What is the significance of nipple discharge detection? Nipple discharge is generally referred to non-pregnant lactation period of the milk duct secretion, most of which is pathologic. Bloody discharge is all pathological, and nearly 50% of women over 50 years of age with bloody discharge have the possibility of breast cancer. Meanwhile, CEA (tumor marker) test in the overflow provides a very powerful help for early detection of breast cancer. 28.How is breast cancer clinically staged? According to T (primary tumor), N (regional lymph nodes) and M (distant metastasis), breast cancer is divided into four stages: Stage I, Stage IIA, Stage IIB, Stage IIIA, Stage IIIB, Stage IIIC and Stage IV. The larger the value of stage, the more advanced the tumor, the greater the danger and the worse the prognosis. 29. Is there any disadvantage of breast screening? Yes. There are four advantages: (1) it can improve the prognosis of those who are detected early, that is to say, early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment; (2) early cases can be cured by doing less destructive surgery; (3) anxiety can be eliminated after the negative examination; (4) it saves the medical resources and patient’s cost. The disadvantages are five: (1) not all early detection will prolong the survival period, part of the just prolong the period of illness (know that they are sick time than do not know the time increased, the ultimate good or bad is the pathological characteristics of the decision); (2) some of the critical findings, often administered over-treatment; (3) the examination for false negative people therefore relax their vigilance, the emergence of signs or symptoms are also easy to be ignored, thus delaying the diagnosis and treatment; (3) the examination for false negative people thus relaxed vigilance, the emergence of signs and symptoms are also easy to be ignored, thereby delaying the diagnosis and treatment; (4) to the false-positive people increased thinking, while increasing the cost of many unnecessary tests; (5) some of the examination methods themselves have a certain degree of potential danger, such as frequent radiography. 30, how to identify high-risk groups in the census? (1) Type IVc and IIIc in mammogram are high-risk; Ib, IIb, IIVb belong to unstable type; (2) age 50-54 and 70-74 (derived from the statistics in Shanghai); (3) under 50 years old with genetic family history; (4) those with the tendency of BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutation. 31. What are the treatment methods for breast cancer? What are the most effective means? Surgery, systemic therapy (chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, traditional Chinese medicine and biological therapy), radiation therapy (gas pedal, radioactive particle implantation), interventional therapy, etc. Surgery is the most important means. Surgery is the most important means. 32. What are the surgical methods for breast cancer? (1) Modified radical surgery with preservation of pectoralis major and pectoralis minor; (2) Modified radical surgery with preservation of pectoralis major and excision of pectoralis minor; (3) Radical surgery with total excision of pectoralis major and pectoralis minor muscles; (4) Breast-conserving radical surgery; (5) Palliative resection; 33. What is neoadjuvant therapy? Neoadjuvant chemotherapy, also known as preoperative chemotherapy, induction chemotherapy, initial chemotherapy, etc., refers to the treatment of systemic chemotherapeutic drugs given before surgery. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is not a new method, but refers to the timing of systemic chemotherapy different from adjuvant chemotherapy. The purpose of neoadjuvant chemotherapy is to achieve the following: inoperable advanced breast cancer, shrinking the tumor through chemotherapy to achieve the purpose of being operable; and also shrinking the tumor, and then applying radical surgery that can preserve the breast. 34. What is the basic principle of radiation therapy for breast cancer? The basic principle of radiotherapy is to eliminate the tumor and save the body, which is realized according to the different damage and different repair ability of radiation to normal cells and tumor cells. From the clinical point of view, even if there are a few residual tumor cells, due to the improvement of the body’s defense and regulation ability, they are not manifested in the lifetime, or the residual tumor cells wrapped in fibers lose the ability to proliferate for a long period of time, which is equal to the cure. 35.What are the aspects of chemotherapy treatment for breast cancer? Systemic treatment includes chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, TCM and autologous stem cell transplantation. 36.Please list the names of more than 5 commonly used chemotherapy drugs. Vincristine, paclitaxel (paclitaxel, polyene paclitaxel), anthracyclines (adriamycin, epothilone {farfloxacin, epizootic, piroxicam}), platinum (cisplatin, carboplatin, platinum oxalate), hormones (triamcinolone, falactone, letrozole, etretinate, norethindrone), fluoureas (florouracil, tigafuril), cyclophosphamide and so on 37.What are some of the common adverse reactions to chemotherapy? (1) Bone marrow suppression, such as the reduction of white blood cells, red blood cells and platelets; (2) digestive reactions, such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and constipation, etc.; (3) liver and kidney damage, such as elevated aminotransferases, urea, creatinine, etc.; (4) alopecia; (5) local irritation, such as skin redness, swelling or necrotic ulceration, vascular necrosis and thrombosis; (6) allergic reactions, such as laryngeal spasms, collapse and even shock. 38, what are the indications for endocrine therapy? (1) premenopausal: ER-positive triamcinolone acetonide efficiency up to 60%, ER-negative less than 10%; (2) postmenopausal: ER-positive triamcinolone acetonide efficiency up to 60%, ER-negative less than 10%, rowing open aromatase inhibitors (letrozole drugs) is also very good; (3) de-emphasis treatment (double oophorectomy or active treatment): ER and PR are clearly expressed by standardized treatment still have high recurrence or metastasis. (3) De-escalation therapy (double oophorectomy or active treatment): both ER and PR are clearly expressed, and premenopausal breast cancer patients who still have high risk of recurrence or metastasis after standardized treatment or who have already recurred or metastasized can be considered. Triamcinolone acetonide has significance for ER, PR all or partially positive patients, and has good efficacy for soft tissue metastasis, and slightly worse for bone metastasis; Aromatase inhibitor has better effect for ER positive postmenopausal patients, especially those whose endocrine level really reaches the postmenopausal level. 40.What are the Chinese herbal medicines with anticancer ingredients discovered in the current research? Lijiang Shan Cigu, mainly produced in Yunnan, Tibet and other places, the active ingredient is colchicine; Mulin Zi, the main ingredient is Mulin Ziziin, the commercial name is Anka, also called Mulin Zizi Methylin, which is extracted from Mulin Zizi skin; (3) Others: asparagus preparations, Garcinia Cambogia (Garcinia Cambogia Acid), Guanzhong (the active ingredient is lepidotrichosin), and so on. The characteristics of these traditional Chinese medicines against cancer are that they do not resist the hematopoietic function of bone marrow, and they can also improve the physique of patients, which plays an important role in prolonging the life of patients. 41. What do you know about breast cancer biological treatment? Breast cancer biological treatment includes immunotherapy and gene therapy. Specific immunotherapy includes: antibody therapy, cytokine therapy, relay cellular immunotherapy and tumor vaccine therapy. Gene therapy includes: cytokine transgenic therapy, antibody gene therapy, suicide gene therapy, p53 oncogene and apoptosis-inducing gene Bcl-xs therapy, angiogenesis-suppressing gene therapy, multi-gene combination therapy, chemotherapeutic drug phosphatase transgenic therapy and so on. 42. What are the basic principles of Chinese and western medicine in treating breast? (1) Combination of disease-identifying treatment and evidence-identifying treatment; (2) Combination of corrective treatment and anti-cancer treatment; (3) Combination of local treatment and overall treatment; (4) Combination of short-term treatment and long-term treatment. 43. What are the factors affecting breast prognosis? (1) Pathological factors: lymph node metastasis, size of primary cancer, histological grading and nuclear grading of tumor; (2) Biological factors: hormone receptor, histone D, DNA ploidy and cell proliferation index, Her-2/neu gene, EGFR gene, angiogenic factor, nm23 gene, p53, MDM2 and WAF1/CIP1 gene, etc. 44.Do you know of several other malignant tumors of the breast? (1) malignant lobular tumors, such as lobular cystic sarcoma which was called in the past; (2) lymphohematopoietic malignant tumors, such as malignant lymphoma of breast; (3) carcinosarcoma; (4) malignant tumors of breast mesenchymal tissues, such as malignant fibrous histiocytosarcoma, hemangiosarcoma, smooth muscle sarcoma, liposarcoma and so on. 45. What is the incidence of male breast cancer? Male breast will also suffer from cancer, its incidence rate is less than 1/100,000, accounting for about 1% of all breast cancers, and it is slightly higher in yellow than in white, but the prognosis is not as good as that of women. 47. What should I pay attention to the psychological care of breast surgery? Generally speaking, after surgery, the mental tension of patients decreases and the emotional state improves, but facing the miserable incision, self-pity, pessimism and resentment arise, thus producing personality changes: autism, indifference and irritability. Medical staff should pay attention to understand, comfort and educate the patient with great compassion: all the difficulties in life together can’t resist the loveliness of life, be brave and strong to live. Do a good job of psychological support of the patient’s loved ones is another key to patient care, so that they can tide over the difficulties together, to have more family warmth and understanding than usual. 48. What should be paid attention to in the care of chemotherapy? (1) Eliminate the sense of cancer chemotherapy more “distraction” method; (2) prohibit the operation side of the limb blood collection and injection (including infusion), avoid the use of a puncture failure of the blood vessels; (3) irritating strong drugs into the input, it should be quickly dripped, the nurse should be completed before leaving, so as to timely detection of any extravasation of the drug caused by skin damage; (3) the stimulating drug input, should be fast drip, the nurse should only leave, so as to promptly find out if there is no extravasation of drugs caused by the skin damage; (4) the patient’s family should be more than usual family warmth and understanding of nursing attention? skin damage; (4) tell the patients: avoid chemotherapy on an empty stomach, no perming and dyeing of hair during chemotherapy, and apply some measures to reduce the blood flow rate of the scalp as much as possible to alleviate hair loss; pre-menopausal women may have menopausal-like symptoms, as well as weight gain, which is usually alleviated after stopping the drug. 49. What are the key psychological concerns of advanced breast cancer? (1) To satisfy the psychology of seeking knowledge: the power of seeking knowledge should be respected, and appropriate language should be used to tell the patients the diagnosis results and prognosis, rather than announcing the diagnosis; psychological assistance should be given at inopportune moments to mobilize the potential power by using the desire to live, so as to make the rest of the life more fulfilling and to improve the quality of life; and, of course, it is necessary to reasonably conceal the information in order to prevent the “mental collapse”; (2) Supporting the psychology of seeking life: a strong desire to live may lead to a strong desire to live, and there is also weight gain. Survival psychology: a strong desire to live will make the brain produce good excitement foci, so that the immune activity is enhanced. A good atmosphere enables patients to compete with death in an optimistic and pleasant state of mind; (3) help accept unfortunate events: late-stage patients realize that their lives are coming to an end, and there are still many unfulfilled wishes, and they often fall into extreme sorrow and frustration, so it is very important to help patients recognize the value of survival and set up a correct and open-minded outlook on life and death. 50.How much can you know about functional exercise after radical mastectomy for breast cancer? (1) After surgery, there are often motor dysfunction of the upper limbs on the operation side, obstruction of blood and lymphatic return, nerve sensation abnormality, etc.; (2) Functional exercise in three phases: the first non-resistant initial functional recovery, generally in bed or ward, with the autonomous movement of the limbs on the operation side as the main focus; the second phase of the combination of active exercise and passive instruments, with some reference and comparability; the third phase of the whole body comprehensive exercises, under the guidance of professionals, music, dance, functional exercises, and other exercises. Under the guidance of music, dance, functional exercise into one rehabilitation exercise. (3) The exercise should not be rushed, according to the healing of incision, step by step; (4) The function of upper limb on the operation side should be determined: superiority of lifting: the difference is ≤5M, difference: the difference is ≥20M, and the middle is good; abduction: up to 180 degrees is good, up to 90 degrees is bad, 150 degrees is good; rotational function: up to 360 degrees is good, up to 300 degrees is good, and up to 270 degrees is bad. 51. What is the purpose of follow-up of breast tumor? (1) To verify the appropriateness of treatment by summarizing and analyzing the follow-up data; (2) To observe the recovery of patients, the recent and long-term treatment effect, summarize the experience, and improve the quality of medical treatment; (3) To understand the condition of patients after discharge in time, and to guide the patients to accelerate their recovery; and (4) To find out recurrence or metastasis in time, so as to carry out the treatment for early relief, which is the most important purpose. 52. Do you have some misunderstandings about the diagnosis and treatment process of breast cancer? (1) The increase of incidence rate and the number of incidence increase year by year do not mean the increase of mortality rate, on the contrary, after standardized treatment, the mortality rate now shows a gradual decline. (2) The surgeon’s concept should be changed from general surgery to oncology, fully recognizing the invasiveness of malignant tumors, and using the concept of systemic disease, regional concept, and only local lesions. The timing choice of surgery and so on, these have a significant impact on future recurrence or metastasis. (3) Pharmacotherapy: one cannot simply recognize the efficacy of drugs by the price of drugs, high price is not necessarily good, and low price is not necessarily ineffective. Individualized treatment tailored to the patient’s needs is essential. Whether or not the judgment standard of efficacy is reasonable has a direct impact on the indication of drug replacement, and the occurrence of multi-drug resistance or even multi-drug resistance is contraindicated. 53. What do you know about breast cancer treatment? Breast cancer treatment has achieved breakthroughs compared with more than 10 years ago. There have been many advances in surgical treatment, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and endocrine therapy. Moreover, with the advances in genetic and molecular biology, we no longer rely solely on traditional histology to classify tumors, but also plan different treatment plans based on the biomarkers of breast tumors, which will increase the chances of cure. The rapid development of targeted therapies has brought even greater breakthroughs in breast cancer treatment in recent years. erbB-2 positive overexpression, for example, targeted drugs such as trastuzumab, lapatinib and lenatinib are effective. Aromatase inhibitors such as letrozole, anastrozole and exemestane inhibit 95% to 98% of the aromatase enzyme in the body and reduce the production of estrogen, which is very effective in postmenopausal women. More recently, polymerase inhibitors have been found to be effective against what is commonly known as “triple-negative” breast cancer. With the understanding of genetic variations and protein changes in tumors, the translational research method can not only be used for the development of new drugs, but also to understand the mechanism of tumor resistance and the method of interrupting the growth of tumors, as well as how to effectively use traditional drugs and new targeted therapeutic drugs, and then develop new treatment options, and move towards the goal of individualized treatment. Meanwhile, under the new translational research model, the laboratory is based on genetic and molecular biology to help decipher the genetic code of breast cancer, which will provide an important and credible element for evidence-based medicine, and become the basis for future clinical guidelines and healthcare reform. (1) Breast reconstruction: one-stage reconstruction refers to immediate breast reconstruction at the same time of mastectomy for breast cancer, and two-stage reconstruction refers to breast reconstruction plastic surgery after mastectomy for breast cancer and after the basic end of breast cancer treatment. There are many kinds of surgical methods, and it is mainly determined by the skin and subcutaneous filler tissues used to decide what kind of surgical methods to be adopted; (2) Breast augmentation: there is a difference between using autogenous tissues and prosthesis implantation, and the injection and breast augmentation methods are abandoned now; (3) Breast augmentation: there is a difference between using autogenous tissues and prosthetic implantation, and the injections and breast augmentation methods are not used in the future. Breast augmentation; (3) Breast reduction: the breast is too large or too sagging, etc., need to reduce the breast or plastic suspension surgery; (4) nipple and areola plastic and reconstructive surgery, such as nipple congenital inverted, oversized, areola is too small, light-colored, and oversized, etc.; (5) excision of paramammary glands is also a part of the cosmetic surgery.