The main source of infection of influenza is patients and carriers of influenza, the germs are present in the nasopharynx of patients or carriers, and are spread by droplets through the air, and indirect transmission through objects is very rare. Influenza mainly occurs in children under 15 years of age, with the highest incidence in infants and children aged 6 months to 2 years, but in recent years it is not uncommon for adults to develop influenza. The early clinical manifestations of typical rheumatic encephalitis are similar to those of a “cold”, such as fever, sore throat, cough and runny nose, etc. It can also be followed by sudden chills, high fever, headache, vomiting, generalized aches and pains, indifference or irritability, and most characteristically, petechiae and petechiae on the skin and mucous membranes. The most characteristic features are petechiae and ecchymosis on the skin and mucous membranes, followed by severe headache, frequent vomiting, extreme irritability, neck ankylosis and other signs and symptoms of meningitis. Common type of rheumatic encephalitis is extremely effective with penicillin treatment, and most of them can be completely cured, but the treatment of fulminant rheumatic encephalitis is quite difficult and the death rate is extremely high. The disease of rheumatic encephalitis progresses rapidly, and timely and effective treatment can save the patient’s life, while a slight delay may result in extremely serious consequences. Therefore, we remind everyone that patients with fever should go to the fever clinic of a regular hospital and consult an experienced physician in a timely manner to avoid delaying the disease and bringing adverse consequences. The main measures to prevent influenza are: ① early and timely detection of influenza patients, and their isolation and treatment; ② cut off the transmission channels, such as thorough cleaning of the environment and indoor hygiene, keep indoor air circulation, reduce visits to friends and relatives, wear masks when going out, children avoid going to densely populated public places, and pay attention to cold and warmth; ③ vaccination against influenza, to improve the resistance of the population, can be under 15 years of age not immunized Children under 15 years old and other high-risk groups can be vaccinated to prevent secondary cases and control the epidemic; ④For those who are in close contact with patients with rheumatic encephalitis, take prophylactic medicine immediately, usually using cotrimoxazole, 2(4 tablets) grams per day for adults and 30-50mg/kg body weight per day for children, divided into 2 oral doses for 3 days.