Diuretics mainly include four types of diuretics, including thiazide diuretics, collaterals, potassium-preserving diuretics, and vasopressin V2 receptor antagonists. The representative drugs of thiazide diuretics are hydrochlorothiazide; the representative drugs of tab diuretics are furosemide, torasemide and bumetanide; the representative drugs of potassium-protective diuretics are spironolactone, amiloride and aminoglutethimide; the representative drugs of vasopressin V2 receptor antagonists are tolvaptan. Diuretics are commonly used clinically in the treatment of patients with hypertension and heart failure, and their antihypertensive effects are mainly through sodium excretion, reduction of extracellular blood volume, and reduction of peripheral vascular resistance. In the treatment of chronic heart failure, the main purpose is to reduce the symptoms of heart failure by decreasing sodium and water retention and reducing the load on the heart.