1. [Indications] This product is a strong analgesic. Morphine injection and ordinary tablets are used for acute acute pain where other analgesics are ineffective, such as severe trauma, war injury, burns, advanced cancer and other pain; for myocardial infarction with normal blood pressure, it can sedate patients and reduce the burden on the heart; for cardiogenic asthma can temporarily relieve the symptoms of pulmonary edema; administered before anesthesia and surgery can keep patients quiet into drowsiness; it cannot be used alone for visceral colic (such as biliary colic) but should be used in combination with effective antispasmodics such as atropine. Morphine slow and controlled release tablets are mainly used for analgesia in patients with severe cancer pain.
2. [Precautions
(1) Use with caution in the following cases.
(1) A history of drug abuse.
(2) Elevated intracranial pressure.
(3) Hypovolemic hypotension.
④Biliary tract disease or pancreatitis.
⑤ elderly.
⑥Severe renal failure.
(7) severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
⑧Severe pulmonary heart disease.
⑨ Severe bronchial asthma or respiratory depression.
⑩Infants and children (general tablets and injections).
(2) This product should not be used for pain that is not clearly diagnosed to avoid masking the condition and misdiagnosis.
(3) It may interfere with the diagnosis of the cause of elevated cerebrospinal fluid pressure.
(4) This product may cause an increase in internal pressure in the bile duct system and may increase plasma amylase and lipase.
(5) It may have an effect on the determination of serum alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, portal aminotransferase, bilirubin and lactate dehydrogenase, etc., and may give false positive results.
(6) In patients with a history of epilepsy, morphine may lower the threshold for seizures.
(7) Morphine may impair the ability to drive and operate machinery.
(8) Controlled and extended release tablets must be swallowed whole.
(9) Abuse of oral drugs without gastrointestinal route may lead to serious adverse reactions and even death.
(10) This product will produce tolerance to the drug after 3-5 days of use, long-term application can become addictive, and withdrawal syndrome will occur when treatment is suddenly stopped. This product is strictly managed and used according to narcotic drugs.
(11) For patients with severe cancer pain, the amount of morphine used is not limited by the extreme amount of morphine in the pharmacopoeia.
(12) In addition to the general treatment of poisoning, intravenous naloxone 0.005-0.01mg/kg, 0.4mg for adults can also be used as an antagonist.
3, [contraindications] known to be allergic to morphine, infants and children (slow and controlled release tablets), immature newborns, women in pregnancy, laboring mothers, lactating women, respiratory depression has shown cyanosis, increased intracranial pressure and cranial injury, bronchial asthma, pulmonary heart disease compensatory disorders, hypothyroidism, cortical insufficiency, prostatic hypertrophy, urinary difficulties and severe hepatic insufficiency, shock has not been corrected Before control, paralytic intestinal obstruction and other patients.
4. [Adverse reactions
(1) Tolerance will be developed after 3-5 consecutive days of injection, and addiction may occur after 1 week; however, for patients with advanced moderate to severe cancer pain, dependence and addiction are rarely seen if treatment is appropriate.
(2) Common: abdominal pain, loss of appetite, constipation, dry mouth, dyspepsia, nausea, vomiting, confusion, headache, insomnia, involuntary muscle contraction, drowsiness, bronchospasm, decreased cough, rash, chills, pruritus, sweating.
(3) Uncommon: elevated liver enzymes, biliary pain, gastrointestinal disorders, intestinal obstruction, abnormal taste, euphoria, restlessness, euphoria, hallucinations, malaise, mood changes, abnormal sensations, respiratory depression, seizures, vertigo, visual abnormalities, withdrawal syndrome, menopause, decreased libido, impotence, urinary retention, hypotension, syncope, peripheral edema, pulmonary edema, urticaria and allergic reactions, drug dependence Facial flushing, pupil narrowing, drug tolerance.