How to confirm the progression of gastric cancer to advanced stage?

  If stomach cancer is not detected in time and keeps progressing, more serious gastrointestinal symptoms will appear. Most of them are poor appetite, tasteless food, feeling of fullness, anemia, abdominal pain mainly with vague pain and discomfort, accompanied by weight loss and general weakness. If the cancer spreads further, it will cause symptoms in the corresponding area. For example, if stomach cancer metastasizes to lung or pleural effusion, coughing and difficulty in breathing may occur. When it metastasizes to the liver and peritoneum, it may produce ascites. When severe and persistent upper abdominal pain radiates to the back of shoulder, it often indicates that the tumor has penetrated into the pancreas.  Upper abdominal pressure pain is the most common symptom of intermediate and advanced cancer. Some patients can find a mass in the upper abdomen, which is firm and irregular in quality and may have pressure pain. Whether abdominal masses can be found or not is related to the location, size and thickness of abdominal wall of the patient. In case of distant lymph node metastasis, a hard nodule can be felt on the inner side of the left supraclavicular bone and cannot be moved.  Common tests for advanced gastric cancer Since gastric cancer is already in advanced stage, the tests are relatively clear. The commonly used examination is barium meal examination of upper gastrointestinal tract, with common imaging findings such as filling defect, intraluminal niche shadow, stenosis obstruction, etc. The positive rate can reach over 90%. The most important diagnostic basis remains biopsy cytology through fiberoptic gastroscopy or electronic gastroscopy, which is also the single most direct indicator. In addition, gastric exfoliative cytology is also helpful.  Chemotherapy has a palliative effect in some patients Only a few single drugs have a positive effect on chemotherapy. These include fluorouracil, mitomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin, with efficacy rates of roughly 10-20%. Several new drugs and their combination regimens have shown to be effective in gastric cancer; these include paclitaxel, doxorubicin, irinotecan, epothilone, and oxaliplatin. Studies have shown that combination chemotherapy improves the quality of life of patients compared to best supportive care.