Hepatitis C prevalence: The anti-HCV positivity rate of the general population in China is 3.2%, with a higher rate in the north (3.6%) than in the south (2.9%). Hepatitis C transmission routes: 1. HCV is mainly transmitted by blood, mainly: (1) transmitted by blood transfusion and blood products. This route has been effectively controlled since 1993 when blood donors were screened for anti-HCV in China. However, due to the window period of anti-HCV, the unstable quality of anti-HCV testing reagents and the fact that a small number of infected patients do not produce anti-HCV, it is not possible to completely screen out HCV RNA-positive individuals, and there is still a possibility of HCV infection through massive blood transfusion and hemodialysis. (2) Transmission through broken skin and mucous membrane. This is by far the predominant mode of transmission, and in some areas, HCV transmission due to intravenous drug use accounts for 60% to 90%. The use of non-disposable syringes and needles, non-sterile dental instruments, endoscopy, invasive procedures and needlesticks are also important routes of transdermal and mucosal transmission. Some traditional medical practices that may lead to skin breakdown and blood exposure are also associated with HCV transmission; sharing razors, toothbrushes, tattoos, and ear piercing are also potential modes of HCV transmission via blood. 2. Sexual transmission: Those who have sexual intercourse with HCV-infected persons and those who have sexual promiscuity have a higher risk of HCV infection. Mother-to-child transmission: The risk of HCV transmission from an anti-HCV-positive mother to her newborn is 2%, but if the mother is positive for HCV RNA at the time of delivery, the risk of transmission can be as high as 4% to 7%; the risk of transmission increases to 20% when HIV infection is combined. high HCV viral load may increase the risk of transmission. The route of transmission for some HCV-infected patients is unknown. The risk of HCV transmission is not known in some HCV-infected patients. The indications for antiviral therapy: Only patients with confirmed serum HCV RNA-positive hepatitis C need antiviral therapy. 1. PEG-IFNα combined with ribavirin regimen 2. Common IFα combined with ribavirin regimen 3. Treatment regimen for those who cannot tolerate the adverse effects of ribavirin: Common interferon alone, compound interferon, or long-acting interferon may be used.