Leukemia can only be detected through blood tests, bone marrow aspiration tests, immunological tests and other tests.
1. Blood test: It helps doctors to understand the degree of reduction of each blood cell and has reference value for diagnosis.
(1) For acute leukemia, most of the patients have increased white blood cells, there are also normal or decreased, blood smear can be seen in varying numbers of primitive cells and naive cells, often with different degrees of anemia, platelets are reduced to different degrees, which can assist in diagnosis.
(2) For patients with chronic leukemia, there may be a significant increase in white blood cell count, often greater than 20×10^9/L. There is a significant increase in the number of granulocytes in the blood smear, with the majority of neutral neutrophils, late juvenile granulocytes, and rod-shaped nuclear granulocytes.
2. Bone marrow aspiration examination: Bone marrow aspiration examination is the main basis and necessary examination for diagnosing acute leukemia.
(1) Most patients with acute leukemia have significant proliferation of nucleated cells, mainly primitive cells, and a few have hypoplasia.
(2) In patients with chronic leukemia, bone marrow hyperplasia is obvious or extremely active, with granulocytes as the main cells, the ratio of granulocytes to red cells is obviously increased, neutral neutrophils, late juvenile granulocytes and rod-shaped granulocytes are significantly increased, and there is an increase in eosinophilic and basophilic granulocytes.
3. Immunological examination: flow cytometry is often used for detection, which can determine the source of leukemia cells according to their expression of a series of related antigens, which is of some significance to the diagnosis.
If patients are suspected of leukemia, it is recommended to go to the hospital in time and follow the doctor’s instructions for examination and treatment to avoid delaying the condition.