Spinal canal tumors can be divided into intramedullary tumors and extramedullary tumors according to their locations. Extramedullary tumors include extramedullary subdural tumors and epidural tumors. Intramedullary tumors: Intramedullary tumors are mainly astrocytomas and ventricular meningiomas, which account for about 20% of all spinal cord tumors. Intramedullary tumors often invade multiple segments of the spinal cord and can cause radicular pain by involving the posterior root into the medullary area, but it is less common. It may cause radicular pain in the posterior roots of the spinal cord, but it is less common. Myasthenia and tremor of the muscle bundles are often seen, and the cone bundle signs appear later and are not significant. Sphincter dysfunction may appear early, spinal cord hemisection syndrome is rare, cerebrospinal fluid changes are not obvious, and pressure neck test does not show subarachnoid obstruction. Extramedullary tumors include: subdural and epidural tumors. The former is common for nerve sheath tumor (including neurofibroma) and spinal meningioma, which accounts for about 55% of all spinal cord tumors. The latter accounts for 25% of all spinal cord tumors. Extramedullary tumors involving spinal cord segments are generally less common. Most of them do not have muscle atrophy, but the lower limb muscle atrophy is obvious in the advanced stage of cauda equina tumor. Sphincter impairment mostly appears in late stage, often with spinal cord hemisection syndrome. Cerebrospinal fluid changes appear earlier, and pressure neck test mostly shows subarachnoid obstruction, the more complete the obstruction, the more significant the protein increase. The more complete the obstruction, the more significant the protein increase. The only effective treatment for intravertebral tumor is surgical resection. Early diagnosis, early surgical resection, timely release of spinal cord compression and minimizing spinal cord injury during surgery are the keys to achieve good results. Most intradural tumors are benign, and the goal of surgery is to completely remove the tumor, improve neurological function, stop the deterioration of neurological function, and improve motor and sensory function. At the same time, the surgical effect also depends on the preoperative neurological function of the patient. Data show that the lighter the preoperative symptoms of intravertebral tumor, the better the surgical effect, and even the normal state can be achieved. The effect of surgery is related to the duration, extent and degree of nerve tissue compression, the nature and location of the tumor and the degree of resection. Before the period of complete spinal cord compression, the surgical result is good, while the longer the period of complete spinal cord compression, the worse the surgical result. Surgical resection is the most effective treatment for nerve sheath meningioma and spinal meningioma, which can be removed completely because they are outside the subdural spinal cord. For dumbbell tumors and epidural tumors, preoperative imaging can determine the extent of outward extension and the relationship to the great vessels. Most studies have found a mortality rate between 0 and 7%, with uncontrollable hemorrhage and aspiration pneumonia being the main causes of death. Dumbbell or epidural tumor growth can cause significant bone invasion resulting in instability of the affected spine, and instability of the spine may also be caused by the removal of too many vertebral plates during surgical resection; postoperative arachnoid and dural scar adhesions make it difficult to separate the tumor during reoperation, making total tumor resection difficult to protect spinal cord function. Usually, single nerve roots in the cervical and lumbar regions are removed along with the tumor and are not accompanied by permanent functional deficits; however, for motor function deficits due to tumor affecting motor nerve roots that occur preoperatively, the situation is more complicated and may cause permanent functional deficits if too many motor nerve roots are removed. Microsurgical treatment of intralesional tumors and electrophysiological monitoring provide strong technical support for sub-total tumor resection whenever possible. In plexiform neurofibromas and malignant tumors, surgical removal of the tumor is aimed at relieving neurological symptoms, not at complete cure . Radiotherapy can be used for recurrent tumors with progressive histology and clinical manifestations; radiotherapy is best preceded by surgery. The effect of postoperative radiotherapy for spinal meningiomas and neurofibromas is unclear, and end filament ventricular meningiomas are mostly malignant biologically progressive and prone to recurrence in the young population, so radiotherapy can be given after the first surgery if resection is incomplete or if there is cerebrospinal fluid dissemination.