Low back pain is a common and frequent disease that can occur at all ages, especially in young adults, and is more common in the elderly, it is not an independent disease, but a clinical syndrome. The spine is the central axis of the human trunk, which supports the head and forms the backbone supporting the thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic organs, and is also the supporter of the upper and lower extremities, and has the role of weight-bearing movement, shock absorption, and body balance. The complete spine is composed of 33 vertebral bodies, 23 intervertebral discs, many small joints with varying ranges of motion in different directions, and strong ligaments, making the spine both tough and flexible for movement. There are also structures that limit lumbar hyperflexion. For example, the supraspinous ligament, the ligamentum flavum, the intertransverse process ligament and the physiological anterior convexity of the lumbar region. The anterior longitudinal ligament, the interspinous ligament between the spinous process and the articular process are the lesser structures that limit lumbar hyperextension. The anatomical features of the lumbar region and the posture of the lumbar region at the time of acute or chronic injury are also very relevant to the site of injury. Congenital spinal deformities are most common in the lumbar region. About 20% of patients have congenital spinal deformities during routine spinal radiography, and some patients often have pseudarthrosis and traumatic arthritis formation between the hypertrophied fifth lumbar transverse process and the ilium. Although congenital malformations of the lumbar spine are associated with lumbar pain, they should not be considered an inevitable factor in the production of lumbar pain, and certainly not ignore such caused lumbosacral joint and ligament defects or weaknesses that weaken the stability of the lumbar region, and the resulting reduced tolerance to gravity. There are many causes of low back pain, which can include the following: 1, injury: injury to the lumbar muscles, ligaments and fascia, contusion or chronic injury, fracture of the lumbar spine and herniated disc of the lumbar spine, etc. 2, inflammatory: thoracic and lumbar spine tuberculosis, sacroiliac joint tuberculosis, etc. 3, congenital abnormalities: spina bifida, lumbar sacralization, sacral lumbarization, lumbar transverse hypertrophy, etc. 4, rheumatic: rheumatic and rheumatoid arthritis, especially in the humid zone is more common. 5, senile or degenerative lesions: osteophytic arthritis and osteoporosis, more common. 6, long-term poor posture: such as the normal physiological bending of the vertebral body disappears or changes, is also a cause of low back pain. 7, by malnutrition or poor metabolism: the resulting osteochondrosis, etc. 8, certain visceral diseases can also cause low back pain: such as tumor, renal pelvis, posterior uterine tilt, pelvic inflammatory disease and urinary diseases. For patients with low back pain, a detailed medical history must be taken, including the patient’s age, occupation, posture of the injury, time, degree and nature of the pain. It is also important to carefully observe the active posture during pain. The age of the patient is significant to the diagnosis. Generally, patients under fifteen years of age have less soft tissue injuriousness because of the greater elasticity of their tendons, and the likelihood of lumbar spine and sacroiliac joint tuberculosis is greater. Patients over forty years of age have a higher likelihood of spondyloarthritis. The patient’s occupation and living area also have a great relationship with lumbar pain. Many loading and unloading workers suffer from lumbar sprains. Chronic injuries are likely to occur in people who work bent over for long periods of time. Due to the dampness or coldness of the region, many people suffer from rheumatic and rheumatoid lumbago. Acute injuries include: lumbar disc herniation, posterior joint disorder, ligament disorder, lumbar dorsal fascia tear, sacrospinous muscle injury, sacroiliac joint injury. Chronic injuries include: chronic inflammation of bone and joint, hypertrophic spondylitis, rheumatoid and rheumatoid arthritis, sacroiliac arthritis, youthful scoliosis, lumbar back strain, etc. There are also some congenital diseases that can cause low back pain, such as: occult spina bifida, sacralization of the fifth lumbar vertebra, lumbarization of the first sacral vertebra, posterior articular surface abnormalities, isthmus bifida, spondylolisthesis, etc. Patients with low back pain should have a careful medical history to help with the diagnosis. In particular, the following points should be noted: How did the low back pain start? It is important to find out the cause and distinguish between medical and surgical low back pain; the time of onset and treatment; occupation and nature of work; the degree, nature and relationship with posture of pain, the time of pain, the pattern of pain within a day, etc. Understanding other medical histories can also help in diagnosis. Patients suffering from low back pain should seek treatment from a doctor in a timely manner. Generally, there are mostly small joint dislocations after lumbar injury, and orthopedic surgeons can help reset them, and manipulation can help release spasm, activate blood and relieve pain. In the manipulation treatment can also be supplemented with drug therapy. Acupuncture, physiotherapy and fire cupping are also very effective in treating low back pain. How to prevent low back pain Nowadays, many sports athletes suffer from low back pain. Due to excessive exercise will damage the bone or soft tissue, lumbar spine joints and premature joint hyperplasia so should avoid excessive improper exercise. Or before sports or strenuous exercise should be well prepared activities. Acute lumbar pain should be treated actively with emphasis on rest to prevent it from dragging into chronic lumbar pain. It is best not to sit on a shorter sofa after an injury. You should sit on a higher chair, which will also help the recovery of lumbar injury. And to do appropriate activities, such as walking, or do simple back exercises. Being in a damp room for a long time and getting wet and icy is the main reason for chronic low back pain. Attention should be paid to changing wet clothes in time. Prevent lying on wet ground for a long time, and should not walk barefoot at home after sweating, but put on slippers. Long-term walking barefoot at home and catching cold are also important causes of low back pain. Long-term incorrect posture of standing, bending work also occurs in the waist chronic strain injury, should pay attention to adjust the body position, correct incorrect posture. To develop good habits. In order to prevent back pain in old age, you should adhere to appropriate physical exercise when you are young but not to do strenuous and excessive exercise. Exercises such as tai chi, walking and jogging are more effective exercises to prevent low back pain.