With the advancement of minimally invasive spine technology, the indications for laminectomy include: (1) inclusive lumbar disc herniation; (2) giant, prolapsed, and free lumbar disc herniation; (3) lumbar disc herniation with combined disc calcification and ligamentum flavum calcification; (4) most lumbar spinal stenosis (due to ligamentum flavum hypertrophy, synovial hyperplasia, disc herniation, intervertebral disc stenosis, and lateral saphenous fossa stenosis, with the exception of central bony stenosis) (5) recurrent lumbar disc herniation after open surgery; (6) recurrent lumbar adjacent disc degeneration and herniation after open surgery; (7) patients with lumbar or mid-lower thoracic spine infection after open and minimally invasive surgery (the infection is limited to the intervertebral space, part of the vertebral body, and the deformity of the collapsed vertebral body is not obvious); (8) partial thoracolumbar tuberculosis (without large pieces of (9) stable lumbar spondylolisthesis within one degree combined with lumbar disc herniation or lumbar spinal stenosis; (10) disc herniation and thoracic spinal stenosis of the middle and lower thoracic spine (except for central bony stenosis). Contraindications for foraminotomy include: (1) central bony lumbar stenosis; (2) central bony thoracic stenosis; (3) thoracolumbar tuberculosis or infection of the middle and lower thoracic spine in combination with large dead bone, abscess, and significant vertebral collapse deformity; (4) unstable lumbar spondylolisthesis combined with lumbar disc herniation or lumbar spinal stenosis; (5) spinal tumor.