A pathological state of decreased airway elasticity, hyperinflation, inflation and increased lung volume or concomitant airway wall destruction in the distal end fine bronchi (respiratory fine bronchi, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs and alveoli). There are several types of emphysema according to their pathogenesis: senile emphysema, compensatory emphysema, interstitial emphysema, focal emphysema, paracentral emphysema, and obstructive emphysema). Patient’s physical signs, heart in a pendulous pattern. During inspiration, the lumen of the fine bronchial tubes dilates and air enters the alveoli; during exhalation, the lumen narrows, air is retained, and the intra-alveolar pressure keeps increasing, resulting in over-expansion or rupture of the alveoli. Here is how to effectively prevent and treat it? In addition to treating the original disease and actively treating it with medication as prescribed by the doctor, the first thing to do is to prevent colds because they can aggravate the disease. Therefore, during the season of temperature change, it is important to wear a mask and more clothes to keep warm when you go out. In addition, strengthen physical exercise to enhance the body’s resistance, and exercise your cold tolerance from summer. You can play tai chi, take a walk, do breathing exercises, etc. You can consciously breathe deeply, do abdominal breathing and lip-reducing breathing. The specific practice of abdominal breathing is: the patient lies flat, the muscles are relaxed, the belly is bulging when inhaling, and when exhaling, the abdominal wall is pressed hard, so that the gas in the lungs is fully eliminated and the residual waste gas is reduced. Using this method, we try to make the breathing process absorb more oxygen and exhale a lot of waste gas to achieve the physiological needs of the organism. This method is practiced twice a day for 5-15 minutes each time, slowly, rhythmically, with even strength and quietly, for several months, so that you form a habit. Patients with chronic bronchitis who have emphysema should carry oxygen with them. The patient’s family should observe the changes in the patient’s condition and send him/her to the hospital in case of emergency, so that he/she can receive timely treatment. Treatment of emphysema: 1. Appropriate application of bronchodilator drugs, such as aminophylline and β2 receptor stimulants. If allergic factors are present, corticosteroids can be used appropriately. 2.Apply effective antibiotics according to the pathogenic bacteria or experience, such as penicillin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, cephalosporin, etc. 3, respiratory function exercise for abdominal breathing, lip contraction deep and slow exhalation, in order to strengthen the activity of respiratory muscles. Increase the mobility of the diaphragm. 4, home oxygen therapy, 12-15h daily oxygen administration can extend the life, if you can reach 24h daily continuous oxygen therapy, the effect is better. 5.Physical therapy, depending on the condition of the program, such as qigong, taijiquan, breathing exercises, quantitative walking or ladder climbing exercises.