The hyaline vascular type is one of the reactive lymphadenopathies of unknown origin, which is rare clinically, characterized by significant enlargement of deep or superficial lymph nodes, some cases may be accompanied by systemic symptoms and/or multisystem damage, and most cases have good results after surgical removal of the enlarged lymph nodes. The hyaline vascular type is divided into 3 types: hyaline vascular type (HV), plasma cell type (PC) and mixed type. HV type is characterized by capillary hyperplasia with extensive hyaline degeneration in addition to increased lymphoid follicles, and some lymphocytes may be arranged in a laminar pattern around the center like “onion skin”, with disappearance of the hair growth center and disappearance or fibrosis of the lymph sinus. The PC type is characterized by a large number of mature plasma cells between lymphoid follicles, and hyaline degenerative vessels are rare. The mixed type has characteristics of both types and is commonly found outside the lymph nodes. It is generally believed that the hyaline vascular type is more common, accounting for more than 90% of cases, and most of them have no systemic symptoms and are clinically focal, while the plasma cell type is rare, accounting for less than 10% of cases, and some of them have systemic manifestations. Castleman’s disease (CD) is one of the reactive lymphadenopathies of unknown origin and is less common in clinical practice. Treatment Focal CD should be surgically resected and the majority of patients survive long term with few recurrences. Focal CD of the plasma cell type, if accompanied by systemic symptoms, may disappear rapidly after removal of the diseased lymph nodes. For multicentric CD, if the lesion only affects a few sites, it can be removed surgically, and chemotherapy or radiotherapy can be added after surgery. Chemotherapy is usually chosen as a combination chemotherapy regimen for malignant lymphoma. Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is also a treatment option. Prognosis The prognosis is better in focal lesions and worse in multicentric with monoclonal hypogammaglobulinemia, which predisposes to malignant transformation or lymphoma.