The hyaline vascular type is one of the reactive lymphadenopathies of unknown origin, which is rare clinically, characterized by significant enlargement of deep or superficial lymph nodes, some cases may be accompanied by systemic symptoms and/or multisystem damage, and most cases have good results after surgical removal of the enlarged lymph nodes. The hyaline vascular type is divided into 3 types: hyaline vascular type (HV), plasma cell type (PC) and mixed type. HV type is characterized by capillary hyperplasia with extensive hyaline degeneration in addition to increased lymphoid follicles, and some lymphocytes may be arranged in a laminar pattern around the center like “onion skin”, with disappearance of the hair growth center and disappearance or fibrosis of the lymph sinus. The PC type is characterized by a large number of mature plasma cells between lymphoid follicles, and hyaline degenerative vessels are rare. The mixed type has characteristics of both types and is commonly found outside the lymph nodes. It is generally believed that the hyaline vascular type is more common, accounting for more than 90% of cases, and most of them have no systemic symptoms and are clinically focal, while the plasma cell type is rare, less than 10%, and some of them have systemic manifestations. The clinical manifestations of CD are not specific. Any person with obvious enlargement of lymph nodes with or without systemic symptoms should think of the possibility of CD, and lymph node biopsy should be performed to obtain the above-mentioned typical pathological changes of CD in order to make the diagnosis, i.e. the diagnosis of CD must be confirmed with pathological evidence, and then a typological diagnosis should be made based on clinical manifestations and pathology. Various possible related diseases need to be excluded before the diagnosis is confirmed. Thinning of the vessel wall: Capillaries are the smallest and most widely distributed vessels. They branch and anastomose to form a network. The density of the capillary network varies greatly among organs and tissues. Tissues and organs with high metabolism, such as skeletal muscle, heart muscle, lungs, kidneys and many glands, have a dense capillary network; tissues with lower metabolism, such as bone, tendons and ligaments, have a sparser capillary network. Vascular injuries: Vascular injuries are classified into open vascular injury manifestations such as complete dissection, partial rupture, contusion of the vessel wall, intimal tear and arterial spasm, hemorrhage, tension hematoma and acute arterial insufficiency (pallor, hypothermia, numbness, dyskinesia, severe pain and loss of distal arterial pulsation) or closed vascular injury symptoms such as insufficient blood supply, interruption and distal limb blood return obstruction. Castleman’s disease (CD) is one of the reactive lymphadenopathies of unknown origin and is less common in clinical practice. Treatment Focal CD should be surgically removed and the majority of patients survive for a long time with few recurrences. Focal CD of the plasma cell type, if accompanied by systemic symptoms, may disappear rapidly after removal of the diseased lymph nodes. For multicentric CD, if the lesion only affects a few sites, it can be removed surgically, and chemotherapy or radiotherapy can be added after surgery. Chemotherapy is usually chosen as a combination chemotherapy regimen for malignant lymphoma. Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is also a treatment option. Prognosis The prognosis is better in focal lesions and worse in multicentric with monoclonal hypogammaglobulinemia, which predisposes to malignant transformation or lymphoma.