Cranial defect is a common disease in neurosurgery, which is often caused by craniocerebral trauma due to traffic accidents, production safety accidents, falling objects, falling from height, fights, etc., or left behind after craniotomy for craniocerebral disease due to high cranial pressure and inability to return the bone flap immediately. Such cranial defects may occur in various parts of the skull, frontal, temporal, occipital, and parietal. All cranial defects require the use of certain artificial materials to fill and repair the defective area of the skull, restoring a complete and closed cranial cavity and restoring a stable intracranial environment. The general repair requires a detailed scientific diagnostic assessment of the patient, exclude contraindications to surgery, and 3D CT scanning of the patient’s skull, data collection for 3D reconstruction and PEEK material design and production, according to the patient’s bone window data for accurate personalized customization, through the 3D printing technology produced by the PEEK plate can be tightly and accurately embedded in the bone window, to achieve a good reset. At present, our team carries out PEEK cranial bone repair surgery, which can be a good repair of cranial bone defects. The team not only adopts the very advanced polyether ether ketone PEEK material as the cranial bone repair material, but also continuously improves and upgrades the technology and optimizes the design of the material, and introduces the concept of cosmetic plastic surgery, which not only restores the integrity of the skull bone and the closure and stability of the cranial cavity, but also carries out cosmetic plastic surgery on factors affecting the appearance, so that we can achieve organic unity of anatomical integrity, perfect function, and aesthetically pleasing appearance.