Removal of a thyroid adenoma may lead to hypothyroidism and possibly peripheral nerve damage if too much of the thyroid gland is removed. Once a thyroid adenoma has been diagnosed, it should be treated early with surgery. However, at the time of surgery, too much thyroid tissue may be removed and insufficient thyroxine may be secreted, leading to significant hypothyroidism, which is often remedied by hormone replacement therapy with thyroxine tablets. In addition, the removal of thyroid adenomas is also likely to lead to peripheral nerve damage, which is more commonly known as recurrent laryngeal nerve damage, leading to hoarseness, and may even cause respiratory difficulties. After the removal of thyroid adenomas, patients should go to the hospital for regular checkups. If hypothyroidism or peripheral nerve damage occurs, they should cooperate with the doctor for treatment in a timely manner.