1.Life habits Tobacco and alcohol addiction, poor oral hygiene, overly hot and overly stimulating food are significantly related to the occurrence of head and neck tumors, especially oral cancer, oropharyngeal and laryngeal cancer. Genetic factors Although the exact role of genetic factors in the occurrence of tumor is not very clear, a lot of information proves that genetic factors and mutagenic factors play a synergistic role in the occurrence of tumor. And increase the susceptibility and tendency of carcinogenic factors. 3.Biological factors Viral infections, such as EBV and nasopharyngeal cancer, herpes simplex virus and oral cancer, human papilloma virus and the development of oral cancer and laryngeal cancer have a certain relationship. 4.Physical and chemical factors The occurrence of head and neck tumors is closely related to physicochemical stimulation, chronic injury and stimulation are important factors promoting the occurrence of oral cancer, ultraviolet light and ionizing radiation are related to head and neck skin cancer and thyroid cancer, chemical carcinogens such as nitrosamines and aromatic hydrocarbon compounds in food, high nickel environment and lack of nutritional elements are also related to the occurrence of head and neck tumors. Immune factors The immune surveillance system of the body plays an important role in preventing the occurrence of tumor. Many scholars at home and abroad reported that the immunity of patients with head and neck malignant tumor is low and will be further aggravated with the progress of the disease.