1.What are the treatment methods of kidney tumor? For most kidney tumor patients, the most confusing thing is that they have kidney cancer, but they do not know what kind of treatment to choose, as far as the treatment is concerned, kidney tumor is not sensitive to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. At present, for patients with advanced kidney cancer, especially when metastasis has occurred (metastasis of kidney cancer usually occurs in lung, bone, liver, brain and other organs), they have lost the chance of surgery and can only use targeted therapy or biological therapy; for early and mid-stage kidney cancer, surgery is the most effective way to achieve the goal of radical cure. However, many patients are at a loss as to whether to choose radical kidney cancer surgery or partial nephrectomy when faced with the surgery method. (Radical kidney cancer surgery: The whole kidney is cut off to completely remove the tumor and cure the kidney cancer. Partial nephrectomy: It is the complete removal of kidney tumor, that is, a part of the kidney is removed, commonly known as “kidney preservation surgery”.) If you choose to remove the whole kidney, many patients are afraid that the tumor will grow on the opposite kidney in the future, or they are worried that they only have one kidney left and cannot maintain the daily kidney metabolic function; if you choose partial nephrectomy, you are worried that the tumor will not be cut cleanly and will recur or metastasize in the future. 2.What are the advantages of “kidney preservation surgery”? At present, for exophytic kidney tumor less than 4cm in diameter, it is the indication for partial nephrectomy. 4-7cm kidney tumor can also be treated by partial nephrectomy, but it is very difficult, and it is more suitable for the tumor growing on the surface of kidney, which is exophytic. According to foreign statistics, the cure rate of kidney tumor less than 7cm using partial nephrectomy has been comparable to radical nephrectomy for kidney cancer, so we urologists should spare no efforts to keep the kidney of patients. In terms of postoperative patient recovery, partial nephrectomy significantly preserves the kidney function of patients. However, for doctors, “kidney preservation surgery” is much more difficult than cutting off the kidney, which requires careful finding of each artery of the kidney, temporary blocking of the artery, removal of the tumor within 30 minutes, and stitching up the kidney layer by layer, if the stitching is too slow and takes more than 45 minutes, the function of the kidney will be affected. If the stitching is too slow and takes more than 45 minutes, the function of the kidney will be greatly damaged. “Kidney surgery” is a landmark and difficult surgery for every urologist, which requires complete removal of the tumor, fast suturing as possible, and minimal bleeding, so that the patient will recover quickly after surgery. The kidneys are like a human sewage treatment plant, the “root” of the human body. Although theoretically one kidney can maintain the daily human metabolism, the residual kidney after partial excision cannot be ignored to share the work of the opposite kidney and give the opposite kidney a chance to rest. Nowadays, there are more and more patients with chronic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes, and these diseases are the diseases that lead to the deterioration of kidney function, as the saying goes, “if you keep a green hill, you are not afraid of no firewood”, so the significance of partial kidney cut is particularly important. 3.What are the characteristics of minimally invasive treatment for kidney tumor? Nowadays, most of the partial nephrectomy can be done under laparoscopy, which is less traumatic, less bleeding, faster recovery and shorter hospitalization time. From a 20 cm incision to only 3-5 cm incision, there is no doubt that it is quite beneficial to the patient’s recovery. During the surgery, the surgeon will remove the tumor completely along the kidney tumor envelope, and then carefully remove the tumor along the channel established by the minimally invasive surgery, without breaking the tumor envelope during the whole process. The tumor is then carefully removed along the channel established by the minimally invasive surgery without breaking the tumor envelope. Moreover, laparoscopy is now equipped with high-definition camera, which allows the surgical field of view to be enlarged, so that there is no dead angle in the surgical area; now there is also 3D laparoscopy, which more significantly improves the three-dimensional sense of the tiny surgical area, making the operator’s observation of the surgical area more comprehensive and the operation of the surgical area more delicate compared with the previous open surgery. Our department has more than 150 laparoscopic kidney tumor surgeries each year, and we have rich experience in partial nephrectomy of complex kidney tumors, radical treatment of giant kidney tumors and minimally invasive treatment of kidney tumors, and many patients come to us. Many patients who can only have their kidneys removed because of large and deep tumors in local hospitals have been treated with “kidney preservation” in our department. 4.What is the best way to prevent kidney cancer? The causes of kidney cancer are unknown, but the data from a large sample of clinical surveys show that: (1) kidney cancer is highly correlated with smoking, so we should avoid smoking and reduce exposure to second-hand smoke; (2) environmental pollution is also closely related to kidney cancer, such as frequent exposure to some toxic and harmful chemical pollutants. (3) The incidence of kidney cancer is relatively higher in obese people; (3) High blood pressure is also a predisposing factor of kidney cancer; (4) Kidney cancer is also related to genetics, such as VHL syndrome and hereditary papillary kidney cancer, so patients with family history of kidney cancer should pay special attention to regular medical checkups for early prevention. (5) Drinking more water also has a certain preventive effect, keeping the daily urine volume at 1500~2000ml can excrete as much metabolic waste as possible and reduce the accumulation of toxins in the kidneys; (6) Eating more fresh fruits and vegetables on weekdays, eating some fish, especially deep-sea fish, and some anti-cancer foods, such as mushrooms and garlic, are also beneficial to the body. Some foods that are considered anti-cancer, such as mushrooms and garlic, are also beneficial to the body. (7) Normally, you should not eat moldy food, less pickled, smoked, fried and barbecued food. (8) Of course, having a positive and healthy attitude and regular aerobic exercise are also important for the prevention of kidney cancer.