Atypical squamous epithelium without clear diagnostic significance (ASC-US) is a type of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesion and is usually not serious. ASC-US can be affected by intravaginal inflammation and other factors, and its significance is unknown and usually not serious. If cervical cytology suggests ASC-US, firstly, human papillomavirus (HPV) testing is recommended, and if it is negative, combined screening can be performed every three years or TCT can be repeated in 6 to 12 months, and if it is positive for high-risk types of HPV, colposcopy and biopsy are recommended, and further diagnostic and therapeutic measures will be taken according to the test results. If HPV is positive, colposcopy and biopsy will be recommended, and the next step of treatment will be based on the results. Cervical squamous intraepithelial lesion and cervical cancer are associated with persistent high-risk HPV infection, and combined screening with TCT and HPV is important for early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of cervical cancer, and women who are sexually active should undergo regular checkups, and undergo timely diagnosis and treatment if they become unwell.