Many factors can cause coronary heart disease, which means that the causes of coronary heart disease are multifactorial, therefore, these causes are also called high-risk factors. There are many risk factors for coronary heart disease, such as age, gender, family history (i.e., genetic factors), hypertension, smoking, and hyperlipidemia. Among these factors, the relationship between hypertension, smoking, hyperlipidemia and diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease is relatively clear, while other risk factors such as hypertriglyceridemia, hypercysteinemia and obesity are still under intensive study. Hypercholesterolemia is the earliest proven risk factor for coronary heart disease, and it is also the most dangerous risk factor for coronary heart disease among all risk factors. Cholesterol is the number one target of interventional therapy for coronary heart disease. Smoking Smoking is one of the most important risk factors for coronary heart disease. There is also a significant synergistic effect when smoking and other risk factors are present together. For example, patients with hypertension who stop smoking after smoking one pack of cigarettes per day have a 35-40% lower risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Studies have also shown that passive smokers have a significantly increased risk of cardiovascular death. Smoking increases the risk of coronary artery spasm by 2.4 times. The risk of acute myocardial infarction or sudden coronary death is 2.7 times higher in male smokers and 4.7 times higher in women than in non-smokers. Hypertension Hypertension as a risk factor is not inferior to smoking. According to the statistics of the Ministry of Health, there are about 110 million hypertensive patients in China, but only 30% of them are treated with medication. Diabetes Diabetes is also a risk factor for coronary heart disease. Diabetes affects almost all aspects from atherosclerosis formation to cardiac death. The incidence of diabetes in the population has been rapidly and abnormally high in recent years, and it is extremely serious that most diabetic patients do not know they have diabetes and do not receive effective treatment, but are only detected to have diabetes after the onset of complications, when treatment is already delayed. Gender Gender is one of the most obvious risk factors for coronary heart disease. The incidence of coronary heart disease is several times higher in men than in women, probably due mainly to sex hormones. The incidence of coronary heart disease is significantly lower in premenopausal women than in men, and increases abruptly after menopause, with the incidence of coronary heart disease being similar in older men and women. Age Age is also a more obvious risk factor for coronary heart disease. As age increases, various risk factors accumulate and damage to the body accumulates, and when the accumulation reaches a certain level, clinical symptoms are manifested. In addition, the age factor is also the most important factor in the death of coronary heart disease caused by various risk factors, and the mortality rate in the acute phase is significantly higher in elderly patients with heart machine infarction. Therefore, it is more important to actively control other risk factors in the elderly population. Family history Family genetic predisposition is the third uncontrollable risk factor for coronary heart disease. Although coronary artery disease is not as obviously heritable as other genetic diseases, it has a clear genetic predisposition. People with a clear genetic predisposition are more likely to develop coronary heart disease when exposed to other risk factors for the same length of time and to the same degree. Studies have found that people with a family history of coronary heart disease have a 2.0 to 3.9-fold increased risk of coronary heart disease and a 2.2-fold increased risk of myocardial infarction, and that coronary heart disease occurs several years earlier and with more severe coronary lesions than in people without a family history of coronary heart disease. The high incidence of coronary artery disease in people with a family history of coronary artery disease may be the result of genes acting on other risk factors. Mental factors Mental factors play an important role in the development of coronary heart disease. The incidence of coronary heart disease is higher in people who are agitated, depressed and anxious, and who have a type A personality, i.e., aggressive and competitive. On the contrary, the incidence of coronary heart disease is relatively low in people with a less competitive B-type personality. This is mainly because long-term mental stress or emotional depression will cause the balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve activity in the body to be disrupted, resulting in increased sympathetic nerve activity, increased release of catecholamines and higher blood pressure, thus increasing the incidence of coronary heart disease or aggravating the existing condition. Obesity Obesity is a susceptibility factor for coronary heart disease, although there is still controversy and inconclusive, but obesity is definitely one of the risk factors for coronary heart disease. Obesity can lead to higher blood pressure, blood triglycerides, cholesterol levels increase and have a protective effect of high-density lipoprotein levels decreased, but also can cause hyperinsulinemia. It can be said that obesity is related to all the susceptibility factors of coronary heart disease except smoking. There is an old saying in China that “it is hard to buy a thin old man”, which does have some scientific truth. In short, the more risk factors a person has, the more likely to develop coronary heart disease, so to stay away from the “killer” coronary heart disease, we must stay away from these risk factors, of course, age, gender and family history is no way to change.