Binbin is a 10-year-old boy, read the third grade, smart and smart-looking, but academic performance is like a roller coaster, parents grasp the point on the top ten, not grasp straight down to the bottom 10, sometimes each subject test can only test more than 10 points. Father reflected, Binbin from kindergarten on special hyperactivity, no matter what the occasion, are moving over non-stop. Usually walking in a hurry, love to run, can’t wait to take turns when the activity, often aimlessly barging, running around, hands and feet, but do not listen to dissuasion, but asked him to do homework and especially slow, often do while playing, random scribbles, sloppy, scribbling, many mistakes, sometimes do a problem grinding on an hour, sometimes not clear what the teacher assigned homework. He usually can’t concentrate on his work, and often starts but doesn’t finish, and often forgets things that he promised others. Teachers also often complain that Binbin constantly makes small movements in class, such as knocking on the table, shaking the chair, crowing pencils, cutting erasers, tearing the head of paper, twisting the buttocks, pulling the hair and clothes of classmates, etc. Sometimes it is good to interrupt, or look around, absent-minded, seemingly quiet, but do not listen. When playing happy, and cooing and shouting, and singing and dancing, can not help it, forgetfulness; when it does not go well, easily irritated, good tantrum. Classmates and partners are afraid of him, hate him, and respect him away. The parents were so hurt by this that they took turns to encourage, praise, scold, punish and other methods of education, but the results were not good. They were helpless and wondered if their child was sick, so they brought him to the clinic and were diagnosed with “attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children”. Happily, under the guidance of the physician, with the help of parents and teachers, Binbin’s condition was quickly and effectively controlled through a combination of medication and behavioral treatment. Now, Binbin’s grades have increased steadily, he is quiet and active in the classroom, and he is polite in the activity field. The core symptoms of ADHD include attention deficit disorder, hyperactivity and impulsivity. What are the causes and risk factors of ADHD in children? 1, genetic factors A number of large studies have shown that genetic factors play a major role in the development of ADHD; 2, environmental factors maternal smoking or alcohol consumption during pregnancy can increase the risk of ADHD in children, while lead is a toxin in the brain, children with high lead in the body can also lead to ADHD; 3, psychosocial factors parental psychological problems, serious family disharmony, inappropriate family education methods, children in school Lack of security and the influence of bad social culture can increase children’s psychosocial pressure and mental tension stimulation, causing psychological behavior problems. Second, children with ADHD will not be cured? In the past, ADHD was thought to be a self-limiting disease in children, which can disappear naturally as they grow older. The scholars now have a long-term follow-up observation: (1) only some children with ADHD can heal themselves, most of the children’s symptoms can continue into adulthood. (2) Treatment or no treatment, early treatment or late treatment, in terms of efficacy and prognosis, can have significant differences. Therefore, the current consensus is that ADHD should be treated early and comprehensively. What is the best treatment option for ADHD in children? 1, medication For children with severe symptoms of ADHD must be medicated, but drugs can not replace education, drugs can provide good conditions for education, and the role and side effects of drugs should be properly understood. The central stimulants methylphenidate Ritalin (short-acting) and concentrated da (long-acting) are very effective in the treatment of ADHD in children, which can focus attention and control the symptoms of excessive activity, thus achieving the purpose of improving behavior. In addition, the selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, tomoxetine, has comparable efficacy to methylphenidate in the treatment of ADHD. 2. Behavior therapy Behavior therapy is a specific intervention that uses learning principles to correct children’s inappropriate behaviors. When they appear appropriate behaviors in learning, they will be rewarded in time to encourage them to continue to improve and seek consolidation; while when some inappropriate behaviors appear, they should be ignored or temporarily deprived of some of their rights, which will prompt these behaviors to gradually disappear. 3, to achieve good results, it is necessary for the four parties (children, parents, teachers, physicians) to cooperate with each other.