Glaucoma has been listed as the second most blinding eye disease in the world by the World Health Organization. Although its incidence is not as high as that of cataract, cataract can be restored through surgery, while blindness caused by glaucoma is irrecoverable, so glaucoma is much more frightening than cataract. Since the blindness caused by advanced glaucoma is not recoverable, early detection of glaucoma and timely and correct treatment are important to avoid blindness. The common features of glaucoma are optic nerve atrophy and visual field defects, and pathologically elevated intraocular pressure is one of the important risk factors. There are two common forms of IOP elevation in glaucoma. One is a rapid rise, which can be characterized by redness, swelling, nausea and blurred vision, as in acute closed-angle glaucoma. The other is a slow rise, which may be accompanied by mild eye distention or no sensation at all, such as primary open-angle glaucoma and chronic closed-angle glaucoma. Qiao Zhi, Ophthalmology Department, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University Acute closed-angle glaucoma is usually seen in middle-aged and elderly people, the onset of the disease is mostly above 40 years old, especially in the age of 50 to 70 years old, more women than men, for both eyes, but often the onset of one eye first. The symptoms of acute attacks include: eye distension, rapid vision loss and ipsilateral headache, and even nausea, vomiting, etc.; eye congestion, corneal edema, shallow anterior chamber, large and fixed pupil, high intraocular pressure, hard as stone, easily mistaken for headache, cerebrovascular disease, gastroenteritis and first to the neurology or internal medicine, some even at home to “allopathic medicine” and lose the opportunity to save the visual function early, which is This is a great pity. Patients with these symptoms should go to a regular hospital ophthalmology clinic as soon as possible and should not delay. Most patients with chronic glaucoma do not have any conscious symptoms and their disease progresses slowly. When the damage to vision is discovered, it is often no longer in the early stages of glaucoma. This unconscious loss of vision and visual field has been described as like a thief stealing something, quietly “stealing vision”. For people who lack general knowledge of glaucoma prevention and treatment, they usually cannot judge themselves and need to rely on specialized examinations by ophthalmologists to confirm the diagnosis. If glaucoma is left untreated, the patient’s visual field becomes progressively impaired, meaning that he or she can see the front and center of the field, but not the sides of the field. If the patient does not receive proper treatment, in the advanced stage, the patient will see the field of vision as if looking out of a tunnel, and over time, the remaining central vision will be lost, until complete blindness. This blindness in glaucoma is irreversible, which means that vision and visual field will not be restored even after the blindness has been treated well. Because the clinical symptoms of chronic glaucoma are not obvious, patients think that it is not a big deal, so they easily lose the precious time for treatment, so that the optic nerve in the fundus of the eye keeps atrophying, unknowingly reduced to blindness and a lifetime of hate. Therefore, people over the age of 40 should have their eye pressure and fundus checked every year at a regular hospital to prevent the disease before it happens. When you learn that you have glaucoma, you must take the disease seriously psychologically, and you should neither take your condition lightly nor be overly nervous. You need to understand the following points: 1. Glaucoma is not an incurable disease, although it may cause blindness, but as long as early detection, reasonable treatment, the majority of people can maintain useful vision throughout their lives, so you should treat glaucoma with a positive and optimistic attitude, take the initiative to learn more about the prevention and treatment of glaucoma, and actively participate in self-care of glaucoma. With a strong will to persevere and fight against the disease, it is possible to overcome glaucoma and protect the visual function of the affected eye. 2, most of the glaucoma is a lifelong eye disease, just like high blood pressure, diabetes can not be cured, but can be effectively controlled not to develop. You may have to deal with an ophthalmologist for the rest of your life during the long years of your life. Trust and respect every word of advice from your chosen doctor, learn to be kind to glaucoma, adapt to living with glaucoma, and get used to daily medication and regular follow-ups once a week, once a month or several times a year. Only with this psychological quality of “fighting a long war” can we benefit from it for the rest of our lives and minimize the possible damage to visual function caused by glaucoma. 3. The basic treatment principle of glaucoma is to lower the intraocular pressure and protect the optic nerve. For primary open-angle glaucoma, topical treatment with eye drops is the most common method. If the eye drops cannot effectively lower the IOP, other treatments should be chosen, including laser treatment and surgery. Closed-angle glaucoma should be treated with early surgery, and drug therapy is only an adjunct.