1. Paranoid schizophrenia
This type is the most common type of schizophrenia. The onset of the disease is generally slow, and the age of onset is also later than other types. Its clinical manifestations are mainly delusions and hallucinations, but delusions are predominant, and these symptoms are also the main aspects of psychotic symptoms. The delusions are primary delusions, mainly relationship delusions, victimization delusions, suspicion delusions, jealousy delusions and affective delusions.
These delusions are usually loosely structured and absurd in content. For example, when relational delusions appear, patients always feel that all phenomena happening around them are directed at them and are related to them: other people’s comments are distrustful evaluations of them, other people’s voices made by moistening their voices are conveying unfavorable information, other people glancing at them are despising them, etc.
Hallucinations can occur before, after or at the same time as delusions, and verbal hallucinations with unfavorable content are the most common, in addition to hallucinations of vision, touch and smell. In addition to delusions and hallucinations, there can be emotional instability and behavioral abnormalities, but they generally have less impact on emotional will and thinking, and their behavior is not very peculiar. Patients with this type can only be intact and can take care of themselves in daily life. Although spontaneous remission is rare, they can usually achieve better results after treatment.
2, youth type (disintegrative) schizophrenia
This type is also more common in schizophrenia. The onset of the disease is mostly in adolescence at the age of 18-25. The earlier the age of onset, the slower the onset, the more slowly the disease develops in paroxysms; the later the age of onset, the more rapid the onset, the course of the disease can culminate in a short period of time. The clinical manifestations are mainly thought, emotion and behavior disorders.
Affective disorders are characterized by mood swings and mood swings, sometimes crying, sometimes laughing, and then becoming angry, which are difficult to understand; behavioral disorders are characterized by childish and silly movements, such as making faces, playing with feces, swallowing flies, and giggling, which are unacceptable. In addition, there may be delusions and hallucinations, but they are more one-sided and simple. Patients with this type have difficulty taking care of themselves and have a poor prognosis.
3.Tension-type schizophrenia
This type is less common. The onset of the disease is more rapid, mostly in young adulthood. Its clinical manifestations are mainly nervous rigidity, the patient does not eat, do not move and do not speak, such as clay sculpture, or like a wax statue, can swing their limbs at will without resistance, but still conscious. Sometimes, the patient may suddenly change from the state of rigidity to uncontrollable excitement and agitation, and then behaves violently, often destroying things and hurting people, and in serious cases, it may not stop day and night, but it can generally be relieved after a few hours, or go back to the state of rigidity. This type can remit on its own, and the treatment effect is also more satisfactory.
4.Simple schizophrenia
This type is relatively rare. The onset of the disease is insidious, slow development, mostly in adolescence. The clinical manifestations are mainly “negative symptoms” such as poor thinking, emotional indifference, or reduced volition, etc. Early on, the symptoms can be similar to neurasthenia, such as depression, inattention, dizziness, insomnia, etc., and then gradually appear withdrawn, lazy, lack of interest, emotional indifference and erratic behavior, so that they can not adapt to social needs, but no There are no obvious “positive symptoms” such as delusions and hallucinations. In severe cases, mental decline becomes increasingly evident. The duration of the disease is at least 2 years. The prognosis for this type is poor.
5. Other types of schizophrenia
In addition to the above types of psychotic symptoms, there are several types of schizophrenia, such as undifferentiated, residual and depressive. Undifferentiated schizophrenia refers to a variety of symptoms cross-mixed, it is difficult to be classified as any of the above types of schizophrenia, which can also become a mixed type. Residual schizophrenia refers to schizophrenia in which an active phase with predominantly “positive symptoms” is rapidly followed by a phase of personality defects with predominantly “negative symptoms”.
Depressive schizophrenia refers to schizophrenia in which the acute phase of schizophrenia is accompanied by depressive symptoms in addition to the “positive symptoms”.
Schizophrenia has a high relapse rate, and the more relapses there are, the more severe the mental deficit caused by the disease, which places a huge burden on patients, families, and society. Therefore, once you have schizophrenia, you should take measures to prevent relapse by all means, i.e., take measures in the absence of relapse.
1, adhere to the maintenance amount of medication treatment is the most effective relapse prevention measures: a large number of clinical statistics show that most of the relapse of schizophrenia is related to self-medication discontinuation. The relapse rate for patients who adhere to maintenance medication is 40%. The relapse rate for those who do not adhere to the maintenance dose is as high as 80%. Therefore, patients and family members should attach great importance to maintenance treatment.
2, timely detection of relapse aura, timely treatment: relapse of schizophrenia is aura, as long as timely detection, timely adjustment of drugs and doses, generally can prevent relapse, common relapse aura: patients appear for no reason to sleep poorly, lazy, reluctant to get up, dazed and dazed, emotional instability, unexplained tantrums, irritability, random thoughts, talk outrageous, or sick ideas again. At this time, you should seek medical attention in a timely manner, and adjust the treatment when the disease fluctuates timely treatment can avoid the relapse of the disease.
3, adhere to regular outpatient review: must adhere to regular outpatient review, so that the doctor continuous, dynamic understanding of the condition, so that patients are often under the medical supervision of psychiatrists, timely adjustment of medication according to changes in the condition. The review will also enable the patient to receive timely consultation and psychotherapy to relieve the patient’s confusion in life, work and medication, which also plays an important role in preventing relapse of schizophrenia.
4, reduce the triggering factors: family members and the surrounding people should be fully aware of the weakness of the mental state of schizophrenia patients after the disease, and help to arrange daily life, work and study. Talk to patients often, help them treat the disease correctly, treat real life correctly, help them improve their psychological tolerance, learn how to deal with stressful events, encourage them to increase their confidence, and guide them to live their lives to the fullest so that they can live in an environment free of psychological stress and mental distress.
5. To carry out community psychiatric prevention and treatment, early detection of patients, early treatment, and prevention of relapse, it is necessary to establish institutions for the prevention and treatment of mental illness in society, and to popularize the knowledge of prevention and treatment of mental illness in grassroots health care organizations. Since the establishment of community psychiatric prevention and treatment institutions, the relapse rate of schizophrenia has decreased more significantly.
Schizophrenia is a disorder of the basic functions of thinking, perception, and emotion in humans. Patients with schizophrenia often have episodes of the disease model, suspecting that they are being stalked, framed, etc., and thus exhibit out-of-control behavior, which is a severe mental illness, mostly occurring in adolescence or early adulthood. It includes thought disorders, affective disorders, will and behavior disorders and self-awareness disorders.