Congenital hydrocephalus causes excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricular system, often with enlargement of the ventricular system, increased intracranial pressure and increased head circumference, with an incidence rate of 0.87% reported by WHO and 0.5% reported domestically. Clinical features: Early manifestations of head circumference increase, progressive increase, disproportionate to the circumference of the body development. The fontanel is enlarged with increased tension, and in severe cases, all fontanels are enlarged, the cranial suture is split, the skull is thinned, the forehead is protruding, and the lower part of the eyeballs sinks below the lower eyelid, showing the phenomenon of setting sun. A “pot-breaking sound” can be heard on percussion of the head. The patient’s postnatal follow-up showed development of hydrocephalus with increased intracerebral pressure, vomiting, convulsions, convulsions, lethargy, hyperreflexia, and ankle spasms. Traffic hydrocephalus, often mental retardation, progressive aggravation eventually developed into dementia, as well as unresponsive, unsteady gait, urinary incontinence, generally dementia, dyskinesia, urinary incontinence become the triad of this disease. With environmental or hereditary causes such as midbrain aqueduct obstruction, malformation, stenosis, resulting in cerebrospinal fluid material circulation pathway obstruction, can be divided into congenital developmental anomalies and non-developmental two categories. Treatment: early treatment of congenital hydrocephalus is very important. Early treatment is mainly to reduce the abnormal dilatation of the ventricles, reduce the pressure on the cerebral cortex, and reduce intellectual developmental disorders. Some authors believe that when hydrocephalus is treated, the thickness of the cortex is more than 50px, and the intelligence can be restored to the normal level after the operation, and the thickness is 12.5px, and the intelligence can not be restored after the operation. Prevention: 1, pay attention to personal hygiene, maintain good living habits, pay attention to the appropriate amount of physical exercise, in order to enhance the resistance of the body. 2, prenatal ultrasound examination. 3, prenatal amniotic fluid cell chromosome or umbilical cord blood cell chromosome examination, to exclude fetal chromosomal abnormalities.