There are two main types of drugs that are commonly used for potassium preservation and diuresis, including spironolactone and aminoglutethimide. Both of these drugs have different mechanisms of action, but they both act as potassium-preserving diuretics, i.e., they promote the excretion of urine and water while retaining potassium ions in the body and reducing the excretion of potassium ions with urine. In addition to this, most diuretics, such as furosemide, are potassium-depleting diuretics, i.e., they promote the excretion of potassium ions while excreting urine and drainage. The specific application of potassium-removing or potassium-preserving drugs needs to be analyzed individually according to the patient’s own condition and the status of blood potassium. In addition, it is recommended to monitor the electrolytes of patients regularly during the treatment process, regardless of whether potassium-preserving or potassium-discharging drugs are applied, because the long-term application of potassium-preserving diuretics may lead to an increase in the patient’s blood potassium level, resulting in hyperkalemia. Long-term use of potassium-depleting diuretics may result in excessive potassium loss and hypokalemia.