Generally speaking, compared with radical prostatectomy, radioactive particle implantation of prostate cancer has fewer complications, and the possibility of postoperative urinary incontinence, difficulty in urination and sexual dysfunction is smaller, but it also has its own special complications arising from radiotherapy, which are categorized into short-term complications and long-term complications. Short-term complications (occurring within 1 year) are mainly caused directly by radiation therapy damage to the surrounding tissues, including: urinary tract irritation symptoms such as urinary frequency, urgency and pain, urinary difficulty and increased nocturia, increased frequency of bowel movements and rectal irritation symptoms such as urgency and heaviness, proctocolitis and so on. Minor rectal symptoms secondary to brachytherapy are usually self-limiting. The incidence of small amounts of postoperative bleeding ranges from 1% to 4%, and the rate of serious rectal complications (requiring a rectostomy) is approximately 0% to 1%. The incidence of rectal complications is related to the dose of radiation to the rectum as well as the length of the rectum that receives the high dose. Another rare complication is erectile dysfunction, and the radiation dose to the neurovascular bundle has been associated with erectile dysfunction after brachytherapy. One study reported that 79% of patients retained sexual function after brachytherapy, and 50% maintained full sexual function after 6 years of brachytherapy. Patients with postoperative erectile dysfunction can be treated with sildenafil citrate. Long-term complications (occurring after 1 year) include: chronic urinary retention, urethral stricture, and urinary incontinence, with a low overall incidence.