With the popularity of chest CT examinations in medical checkups, small lung nodules have become a high-frequency word that doctors and patients have been talking about more and more in recent years. Small lung nodules are a common type of disease in thoracic surgery and respiratory medicine, and are also common in people at high risk for lung cancer. However, finding small lung nodules does not mean that lung cancer has occurred, and small lung nodules themselves contain a collective name for many extremely different kinds of diseases. Lung nodules found by CT are classified into three categories: 1) solid nodules or partially solid nodules; 2) non-solid nodules, including ground glass shadows and ground glass nodules; and 3) multiple non-solid nodules. Most of the lung nodules found in physical examination are not lung cancer, and the false positive rate is high, but most of the lung cancers found in physical examination are early stage, and the cure rate is extremely high, with a 5-year survival rate close to 100%. The occurrence of lung cancer judged from CT is a slow process from nothing to gradually increasing in size. At present, the sensitive examination method still relies on chest CT, which is a powerful assistant for clinicians to judge the nature of small lung nodules and their treatment. The incidence of lung cancer is currently the highest among all kinds of tumors, and the efficacy of lung cancer in the middle and late stages is still poor despite surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and traditional Chinese medicine treatment, which brings great losses to patients, families and society. How to detect early? Chest CT examination; how to diagnose early and effectively? How to make a joint judgment by thoracic surgery and imaging department; how to make an early surgical treatment? Thoracoscopic minimally invasive surgical treatment. Thoracoscopic minimally invasive surgery can eliminate early lung cancer in small nodal stage in the budding stage. It can not only make a clear diagnosis by rapid pathological section during surgery, but also completely remove the diseased small lung nodules at the same time, killing two birds with one stone, leaving only two to three 1-2 cm wounds on the lateral chest wall, with little trauma, light pain and fast recovery, and discharge from hospital about 1 week after surgery. For some benign small lung nodule lesions, such as malignant tumor, granuloma necrosis, inflammatory pseudotumor, etc. can also be clearly diagnosed and completely cured, avoiding the radiation damage to the body caused by long-term repeated CT reviews, and also removing the huge psychological burden of cancer fear for patients with small lung nodules. Thoracoscopic minimally invasive surgery is the most powerful weapon to deal with small lung nodules. For a considerable period of time in the future, with the persistence of environmental factors such as haze and the continued promotion of chest CT for medical examination, the incidence and detection rate of small lung nodules are increasing rapidly, leading to an explosive increase in the number of carriers of small lung nodules. The treatment mode of thoracic surgery for lung cancer patients has gradually stepped into the era of minimally invasive thoracoscopic surgery for small pulmonary nodules.