Cerebral arteriovenous malformation is a congenital intracranial vascular malformation that can be life-threatening if it ruptures and causes intracranial hemorrhage. However, the pathogenesis remains unclear, and some patients have a family history of genetic mutations that may affect the onset, development, and clinical course of arteriovenous malformations. Cerebral arteriovenous malformations have the potential to grow larger and to remodel or regress structurally. The morphology of cerebrovascular arteriovenous malformations is characterized by direct communication between cerebral arteries and cerebral veins without a normal capillary network. Approximately 20% of high-flow cerebral arteriovenous malformations are often associated with flow-related aneurysms, which are an important cause of rupture and bleeding from vascular malformations. Studies have published that there is often chronic ischemia and gliosis in the brain tissue surrounding the vascular malformation. Clinical manifestations Cerebral arteriovenous malformations occur in patients aged 10 to 40 years and are more common in women. 41% to 79% of patients present with intracranial hemorrhage, more commonly in children. Epilepsy is the second most common symptom (11% to 33%). cortical, large, superficial or multiple venous drainage is the cause of epilepsy. The type of epilepsy can be partial seizures or generalized tonic spasmodic seizures with loss of consciousness. An 8% 5-year incidence of epilepsy has been reported for incidentally detected intracranial arteriovenous malformations. Headache is not a specific manifestation of cerebral arteriovenous malformations, and one study reported that 0.2% of people with headache and no neurological abnormalities had intracranial arteriovenous malformations. Natural history studies of cerebral arteriovenous malformations have found an annual hemorrhage rate of 3% for unruptured hemorrhage, 4.5% for ruptured hemorrhage, and an annual mortality rate of 0.7% to 1% for untreated cerebral arteriovenous malformations. Concomitant aneurysms, deep venous drainage, and deep location are all high risk factors for bleeding, and the relationship between the size of the arteriovenous malformation and bleeding is controversial. Whether pregnancy causes an increased risk of intracranial hemorrhage in cerebral arteriovenous malformations is unclear. Diagnosis CT or MRI can usually diagnose cerebral arteriovenous malformations, but only DSA is the gold standard for the diagnosis of cerebral arteriovenous malformations and must be performed before treatment of arteriovenous malformations. All of these are necessary for the treatment of arteriovenous malformations. The treatment of arteriovenous malformations is a comprehensive process, with endovascular treatment, gamma knife treatment, surgical resection, and surgical resection being the mainstay of treatment for intracranial arteriovenous malformations. Surgery can cure the arteriovenous malformation if the malformed mass can be completely removed, but it is risky, especially if the arteriovenous malformation is located in the functional area, large, deep in location, with deep drainage, etc. Surgery is extremely risky. Radiosurgery: This method uses high energy rays to irradiate the malformed vascular mass to induce spontaneous thrombus formation in the malformed mass and occlude the malformed vascular mass, the principle is that after irradiation the fibrous endothelium of the malformed mass gradually forms thrombus to occlude the vascular mass. The process of occlusion of the vascular malformation mass after radiosurgery is long, often taking 2-3 years, and the risk of bleeding is generally said to decrease gradually, but it is still controversial. Some studies have also concluded that radiosurgical treatment of arteriovenous malformations after bleeding is superior to that of arteriovenous malformations without ruptured bleeding. Endovascular treatment: Endovascular embolization is an effective adjunctive treatment prior to surgical resection or radiosurgery, creating the conditions for surgery or radiosurgery by making the malformed mass smaller and embolizing the associated aneurysms and high-flow arteriovenous fistulas in one or several embolization sessions. Only about 5% of patients can be completely cured of cerebral arteriovenous malformations by single-survival endovascular therapy. Embolization materials include microparticles, NBCA gel, ONYX, etc. Embolization techniques are required to reduce the size of the malformed group to less than 250 px3 prior to radiotherapy, and surgical resection is also required to reduce the intraoperative risk by occluding the main blood supply artery through embolization. However, the specific treatment plan for cerebral arteriovenous malformation needs to be considered by experienced neurologists, taking into account the specific condition and the patient’s situation, and both endovascular, radiosurgical and surgical treatments have certain risks.