Kidney cancer ranks 9th or 10th in incidence among human tumors and accounts for about 2% to 3% of adult malignant tumors. Among the incidence rates of kidney cancer in countries or regions in North America, Latin America, Africa, Europe, Oceania and Asia published by WHO in 2002, the highest incidence rate of kidney cancer is in Europe, especially in Central Europe represented by Czech Republic. The incidence rate of kidney cancer in men is as high as 20 per 100,000 population and in women is about 10.2 per 100,000 population, while the incidence rate in most Asian, African countries and some developing countries such as South America is lower. Taking the statistics of the United States as an example, the detection rate of kidney cancer has been increasing at the rate of 3% per year in the past few years. What about the incidence of kidney cancer in China? According to the results of the survey done in 1980s, the incidence rate of kidney cancer in men was about 2 per 100,000 population per year, while it was about 1 per 100,000 in women. In recent years, with the rapid development of China’s economy and the continuous improvement of people’s living standard, the incidence rate of kidney cancer has been gradually increasing. According to the annual report of national tumor registry, the incidence rate of kidney cancer is about 4-5/100,000 in 34-72 registration sites nationwide from 2005 to 2009. The incidence ratio of male to female patients was about 1.83:1; the incidence rate in urban areas was 4.31 times higher than that in rural areas. Although the increase in the use of CT scans and ultrasound examinations has led to an increase in the detection of kidney cancer cases due to symptoms such as abdominal discomfort, the main reason for the increase in the incidence of kidney cancer is the various environmental and social problems brought about by economic development. Although malignant tumors are extremely harmful to human body, many patients can achieve long-term survival or even cure as long as they receive timely scientific and reasonable treatment. Therefore, we suggest patients and family members not to panic once kidney cancer is diagnosed, arrange work and life at hand calmly, and then choose an authoritative hospital to get scientific and reasonable treatment in time.