Symptoms: The typical symptoms of allergic rhinitis are paroxysmal sneezing, clear nasal discharge, nasal congestion and nasal itching. Some of them are accompanied by loss of smell. Sneezing Several times a day, more than 3 paroxysmal episodes, mostly in the morning or at night or immediately after contact with allergens. 2. Clear nasal discharge A large amount of clear water-like nasal discharge, sometimes unconsciously dripping down from the nostrils. Xu Yanfei, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University 3. Nasal congestion Intermittent or continuous, unilateral or bilateral, varying in severity. 4. Nasal itching Most patients have itching in the nose, and hay fever patients may have itchy eyes, itchy ears and itchy throat. (1) Reduce the number of dust mites indoors; maintain the relative humidity of the living space to below 60%, but too low (such as below 30% to 40%) will cause discomfort; sweep the carpet; wash bedding and curtains, mite allergens are soluble in water, washing textiles can remove most of them; use air purifiers with filters, vacuum cleaners, etc. (2) Avoid allergens in the corresponding pollen allergy season. (3) Avoid allergens for patients allergic to animal fur. The following factors should be considered: efficacy, safety, cost/effect ratio, etc. Intranasal and oral administration are commonly used, and the efficacy may vary among patients. There is no long-term sustained efficacy after discontinuation of medication, therefore maintenance therapy is required for persistent allergic rhinitis. Prolonged treatment does not result in rapid drug resistance. Intranasal administration has many advantages. The high concentration of the drug acts directly on the nose, avoiding or reducing systemic side effects. However, for patients with other allergic diseases, the drugs need to act on different target organs, intranasal administration is not the best choice, and systemic drug therapy is recommended. Various drugs should be used with caution in patients during pregnancy. (1) Antihistamines oral or nasal 2nd generation or new H1 antihistamines can effectively relieve symptoms such as nasal itching, sneezing and runny nose. It is suitable for mild intermittent and mild persistent allergic rhinitis, and combined with nasal glucocorticoids for moderate-to-severe allergic rhinitis. (2) Glucocorticoids Nasal glucocorticoids can effectively relieve symptoms such as nasal congestion, runny nose and sneezing. Severe patients who do not respond to other medications or cannot tolerate nasal medications can be treated with oral glucocorticosteroids for a short period of time. (3) Anti-leukotrienes are effective in allergic rhinitis and asthma. (4) Chromones are effective in relieving nasal symptoms, and eye drops are effective in relieving ocular symptoms. (5) Intranasal decongestants are effective in relieving nasal congestion caused by nasal congestion, and the course of treatment should be controlled within 7 days. (6) Intranasal anticholinergic drugs can effectively inhibit runny nose. (7) Some herbal medicines are effective in relieving symptoms. The treatment principles for children and the elderly are the same as those for adults, but special attention should be paid to avoid the adverse reactions of drugs. Daily care 1. Avoid contact with allergens. 2, avoid eating cold, raw and cold food and other stimulating food; cautiously eat fish, shrimp, crab and other seafood; usually pay attention to eat more food to benefit lung energy. 3, quit smoking and avoid second-hand smoke, and try to avoid access to places with dirty air. 4, you can often alternate warm and cold bath, foot bath, nose washing and dry cloth friction, enhance the home health care system. 5.Adopt the correct method of nasal rubbing. 6, should not use too much vasoconstrictive nasal drops.