You may often see older people walking with a hobbled gait, knee pain when going up and down stairs, or even an “O” shaped leg. In fact, this is all due to osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis, commonly known as “osteophytes”, is a chronic joint disease characterized by degeneration and destruction of articular cartilage and subchondral osteochondral sclerosis and hyperplasia. It is also known as proliferative knee osteoarthritis and age-related knee osteoarthritis. The underlying cause is the destruction of articular cartilage, the inability of chondrocytes to synthesize normal hyaluronic acid and the escape of short-chain proteoglycan polymers from the collagen meshwork produced by polyglucosaminoglycans, resulting in softening of the cartilage matrix and loss of elasticity and strength, as well as sclerosis or cystic degeneration of the subchondral bone and formation of bone fragments. This results in pain and motor impairment, leading to severe disability of the affected limb. Advanced age, obesity, and female sex are the three major risk factors for the development of osteoarthritis, with osteoarthritis of the knee being the most common. This is because the knee joint is a joint that is heavily loaded, active, and susceptible to trauma, strain, and wind and cold stimulation. Reducing weight, not wearing high heels, protecting the joints from injury, such as avoiding repeated impact or torque on the joints, minimizing frequent high altitude exercise, taking Vit A, Vit C, Vit E and Vit D can all have a preventive effect on osteoarthritis. Proper and appropriate exercise can prevent, delay and slow down the process of osteoarthritis. These include: swimming, walking, supine straight leg raises or resistance training and non-weight bearing joint flexion and extension activities. Incorrect excessive exercise can aggravate osteoarthritis, such as training that increases joint torque or overloads the joint surfaces: activities such as climbing hills, stairs, or squatting and standing. Current medicine does not have the ability to reverse the course of osteoarthritis, and most patients will continue to progress and deteriorate. Therefore, the vast majority of patients need early treatment to stop the disease from worsening. Early to mid-stage treatment of osteoarthritis is aimed at relieving symptoms, improving function, slowing the process and improving the patient’s quality of life. This includes oral anti-inflammatory and analgesic medications, intra-articular injections of sodium vitreous acid, and arthroscopic joint debridement. In the late stage, the use of artificial joint replacement surgery is the fundamental solution to osteoarthritis.