Cerebrovascular disease ranks as the third leading cause of human death, with more than 2 million people dying from stroke each year. Cerebrovascular accidents are the leading cause of death and disability regardless of different regions of the world or different races. Each year, 1.2-1.5 million new complete strokes occur in China, with 800,000-1 million deaths, and about 75% of survivors are disabled, with a recurrence rate of 41% within 5 years. In the United States, 500,000 people develop the disease each year, 150,000 of whom die, and more than 2 million of the survivors require medical care. Cerebrovascular disease is a serious threat to human life and health, and the sequelae such as hemiplegia after stroke not only cause great physical and mental pain to patients, but also bring huge mental and economic burdens to society and families. In recent years, there is an increasing trend of cerebrovascular disease among young adults under 50 years old, and it is even found among young people in their 30s, especially young white-collar employees in cities. This may be related to the westernized lifestyle, sitting more and moving less, excessive intake of high-fat and high-calorie foods, as well as high work pressure and excessive stress. Among cerebrovascular accidents, ischemic strokes account for 75-90%. Ischemic stroke is generally divided into transient ischemic attack, reversible ischemic neurological dysfunction, and cerebral infarction. Transient ischemia is defined as episodic neurological dysfunction, such as transient numbness, weakness, and dark haze, which can be recovered within 24 hours. Patients with repeated episodes of transient cerebral ischemia will eventually develop irreversible cerebral infarction. According to statistics, if patients with transient cerebral ischemia occur for the first time and are not given active treatment, about 1/3 of them will have cerebral infarction within 5 years, causing severe neurological dysfunction, such as coma, limb paralysis, speech impairment, sensory impairment, hemianopia, intellectual disability, etc., which can cause death in serious cases. Carotid artery stenosis is the main cause of ischemic stroke. The most common cause of carotid artery stenosis is the formation of atherosclerotic plaques, abnormal proliferation of intima and smooth muscle cells in the arterial vessel wall due to abnormal lipid metabolism of the muscle, which finally leads to narrowing of the lumen diameter of the vessel or even occlusion. When the plaque on the arterial blood vessel wall is dislodged and enters the blood vessels in the brain with the blood flow, it will form emboli and block the cerebral blood vessels. Some small thrombus emboli can dissolve by themselves, blood flow can still be restored, and only cause transient cerebral ischemic attack. However, if some large emboli are not easy to dissolve, they will cause cerebrovascular infarction, and when repeatedly attacked, they will cause multiple lacunar cerebral infarction, resulting in large area of cerebral tissue ischemia. For people with high risk factors for occlusive cerebrovascular disease, such as those aged 40 years or older, with hypertension, diabetes, atherosclerosis; those who often have dizziness and discomfort; those with symptoms of transient cerebral ischemia or a past history of transient cerebral ischemia, a carotid artery examination should be done once a year. The main methods are: 1, carotid ultrasound, which can measure the diameter and intima-media thickness of the carotid artery, determine the presence of carotid stenosis and the degree of stenosis; check the presence of intima-media plaque and ulcers, and determine the blood flow, etc. 2.CTA or MRA (CT/magnetic resonance carotid angiography): accurate, intuitive, reliable, painless, and can make a clear diagnosis. 3.Carotid angiography; the gold standard for the diagnosis of carotid stenosis and plaque formation. CT/MR carotid angiography plus ultrasound can accurately detect more than 95% of patients with high risk of carotid stenosis. For a long time, the focus of attention on cerebrovascular diseases has been mostly on the treatment after the occurrence of stroke, mainly due to the low level of popularity of medical treatment in China, the small number of screened patients, and the lack of patient awareness of the dangers of carotid stenosis. If it is determined that carotid stenosis exceeds 70% or there are intimal plaques and ulcers, the effect of simple drug treatment is limited, and surgical treatment should be considered to eliminate the blocked blood vessels “garbage” so that the vessels can be unblocked, the cerebral blood supply can be improved, and the source of emboli production can be cut off. If a patient has developed clinical symptoms such as transient cerebral ischemia, cerebral thrombosis, or cerebral infarction, surgical treatment should be considered even if the degree of carotid stenosis is less than 70%. Currently, surgical treatment of carotid stenosis includes carotid endarterectomy and endovascular stent placement.