The pathological subtypes of disc herniation are mainly as follows: First, bulging disc type: It means that the fibrous ring has a partial rupture, but the surface layer is still intact. At this time, the nucleus pulposus will be limited to the spinal canal due to pressure, but the surface is smooth, and most of them can be relieved or cured by conservative treatment. Second, herniated disc type: refers to the complete rupture of the annulus fibrosus, the nucleus pulposus prolapses into the spinal canal, covered only by the posterior longitudinal ligament or a layer of fibrous membrane, the surface is uneven or cauliflower-shaped, often requiring surgery. Third, prolapse free type: refers to the rupture of the protruding disc tissue, fragments protruding into the spinal canal or completely free, not only can cause nerve root symptoms, but also can compress the cauda equina nerve, requiring surgical treatment. Fourth, transosseous protrusion type: refers to the protrusion of the nucleus pulposus tissue along the vascular channel between the vertebral body, cartilage end plate and vertebral body in the direction of the anterior longitudinal ligament, forming a free bone block at the anterior edge of the vertebral body. The patient will only have lumbar pain, no clinical symptoms of nerve root, and conservative treatment is sufficient.