Acute rhinitis.
It is caused by acute infection, commonly known as “cold” or “flu”, and can have systemic symptoms; it is common in autumn, winter or winter-spring. The disease usually improves gradually after 7 to 14 days. Those with strong resistance can be cured without treatment.
It is worth noting that although acute rhinitis is a minor disease that can heal itself, once you have acute rhinitis, you should actively treat it early to prevent other diseases.
Prevention of acute rhinitis.
Since it has been recognized that the onset of acute rhinitis is related to exposure to pathogenic bacteria or other harmful factors, it is important to strengthen preventive measures and improve the immune resistance of the body. In fact, as long as each person is not afraid of trouble, step by step, to reduce the chance of infection disease is entirely possible.
1, enhance physical fitness, work and rest, strengthen exercise. After work should be appropriate physical activities, such as running, swimming, climbing, boxing, can strengthen the respiratory defense, enhance lung capacity. Swimming is especially recommended here because this physical activity can also help regulate the function of the plant nerves and enhance the ability to adapt to the cold.
2. Avoid infection and take the initiative to prevent it. Usually pay attention to the hygiene of the work and living environment, especially the air should be updated regularly, but also in the house often fumigated with vinegar. During the epidemic of acute rhinitis in winter, pay attention to try not to go to public places and add a mask when you go out.
Treatment of acute rhinitis.
During the acute phase of the disease, you can rest in bed, pay attention to keeping warm and drink plenty of water.
1, such as fever, headache and nasal congestion, oral aspirin, Benadryl, antihistamines (such as: Benadryl, etc.) and vitamin C; traditional Chinese medicine can be selected from Pancreatin, cold and fever punch, antiviral oral solution, nasal relief capsules; if necessary, add antibiotics or sulfonamides.
2, nasal local medication optional 1% furosemide nasal drops, musk quinoa nasal drops, etc.
3, for some older, physically weak people, in order to enhance the body’s immune system, the drug nuclear cheese and astragalus injection can be commonly used for intramuscular injection.
Because the nasal cavity is connected to the oral cavity, middle ear, pharynx and bronchi, after the occurrence of acute rhinitis, if the treatment is not complete, it is easy to develop to the following: through the sinus opening to the sinuses to form sinusitis; through the pharyngeal tube to the middle ear to form otitis media; spread to the pharynx and bronchi to form acute pharyngitis, acute laryngitis, acute tracheitis and bronchitis (infants and children also often cause pneumonia); through the nasolacrimal duct to form Conjunctivitis, dacryocystitis. Therefore, acute rhinitis should never be underestimated.
Prevention.
Just after autumn, people suffering from allergic rhinitis to strengthen the protection of the nose, should start from the following aspects.
1, keep the nasal cavity clean at all times;
2, minimize outdoor activities, especially from 5:00 to 10:00 in the morning, which is the peak time for pollen diffusion, it is best not to stay outdoors for a long time;
3.Take a shower in time after going home, it will help to remove the allergens on your body;
4. Keep the humidity of indoor air or use an air filter to keep your nose from getting too dry;
5, timely replacement, cleaning bed sheets, covers, to prevent mites and their secretions induced allergic rhinitis;
6, perfume, cosmetics, etc. will stimulate the nasal mucosa, but also try to avoid contact;
7, quit smoking and limit alcohol to reduce the stimulation of the mucosa of the nasal cavity.
Treatment.
To treat allergic rhinitis at the root, the only positive way is to strengthen physical exercise, enhance physical fitness and change the sensitive state so that the disease does not occur.
1, medication-assisted treatment: such as regulation of the vegetative nerves, can be oral ephedrine, 20 mg each time; glutamine, 20 mg each time; atropine, 0.3 mg each time, 3 times a day; or oral anti-allergic drugs, paracetamol, 4 mg each time, or Anchormin, 25 mg each time, 3 times a day.
2. To reduce metabolic reactions: it can also be combined with oral prednisone, 5 mg each time, 3 times daily, or dexamethasone, 1.5 mg each time, 2-3 times daily. To improve vascular permeability, oral calcium gluconate, l grams each time, can be supplemented with vitamin C, 100 mg, 3 times a day.
3. Chronic simple rhinitis: It is a common and multi-infarct disease that develops from acute rhinitis. Associated with combined bacterial secondary infections, incomplete treatment and recurrent episodes. Clinically, it should be distinguished from chronic hypertrophic rhinitis and chronic rhinosinusitis.
Treatment: The principles are to restore nasal ventilation, exclude secretions, and eradicate the causes of.
1, 1% ephedrine or furacilin ephedrine solution, chloramphenicol ephedrine solution nasal drops, 3 times a day
2.0.25-0.5% procaine for nasal mound closure or inferior turbinate submucosa closure, 1-1.5ml each time, once every other day, or twice a week, 5 times as a course of treatment.
3.Ultra-short wave or infrared physiotherapy can improve local blood circulation to reduce symptoms.
4.When the above treatments are not effective, sclerosing agent can be used for inferior turbinate injection treatment.
Reminder: nasal drops can easily lead to drug rhinitis, should be used sparingly.
Prevention.
1, pay attention to work and environmental health, avoid smoking and alcohol, eliminate lesions.
2, not overly dependent on drugs to keep the nose ventilated.
3, pay attention to exercise to enhance physical fitness.
4, dry rhinitis: the occurrence of dry rhinitis is closely related to climate and occupational factors. It is the long-term stimulation of the nasal mucosa and the occurrence of mucus gland atrophy, secretion reduction caused by the mucosa and thus dry and even superficial erosion.
Prevention of dry rhinitis.
1, patients should improve the living environment and work environment, avoid long-term inhalation of dry, dusty and irritating gas.
2, balanced diet, correct malnutrition, quit smoking and alcohol and other bad habits.
3, regular drops, coated with nutritive and moisturizing nasal preparations, avoid the use of strong vasoconstrictor preparations.
4.Eat less spicy, fried and other stimulating foods.
Treatment of dry rhinitis.
1, locally available oil drops nasal solution, such as compound peppermint oil, liquid paraffin or nasal ointment. Care should be taken not to use vasoconstrictors.
2. Take cod liver oil pills internally, 2 pills, 3 times daily; vitamin B2, 10mg, 3 times daily.
Prevention of atrophic rhinitis.
1, improve the living and working environment. Staff who are often exposed to dust and chemical gases should wear a mask.
2, patients with this disease, it is appropriate to wear a mask for a long time. In summer, you can wear it after wetting with water, with dryness and humidification.
3, winter fire, the fireplace on the kettle, without the lid, so that the steam evaporates as much as possible to wet the air.
4, prohibit ephedrine solution, nasal mucosa contraction agents such as nasal drops.
5, avoid smoking, alcohol and spicy food.
Treatment of atrophic rhinitis.
1, atrophic rhinitis patients daily available 0.9% saline or warm boiled water rinse, clean the nasal cavity, remove the odor.
2, intranasal drops with compound peppermint camphor oil nasal drops or paraffin oil, or 0.5% streptomycin liquid or 0.3% gentamicin liquid, four times a day to lubricate the nasal mucosa, stimulate the peripheral nerves, restore mucosal function and inhibit the growth of nasal bacteria to eliminate inflammation.
3, chronic hypertrophic rhinitis: from chronic simple rhinitis, is a long-term chronic inflammation, bruising and nasal mucosa, nasal turbinates appear hyperplasia. At this time, the mucous membrane thickening, tissue elasticity decreased, poor nasal ventilation, thus endangering the physiological function of the nose.
4, caseous rhinitis: is a rare nasal disease. Clinical features are the accumulation of cheese-like material in the nose, malodorous, erosion of soft tissue and bone over time, the occurrence of internal and external nasal deformities. Among the cheese-like material are found exfoliated epithelium, necrotic tissue, septic cells, cholesterol crystals, and mycobacterial-like microorganisms. As for the etiology, there is no definite conclusion yet.
5, drug rhinitis: drug rhinitis is the result of inappropriate nasal medication long-term sustained effect, can also be understood as a chronic rhinitis. The cause of the disease is inappropriate nasal medication, including the use of strong nasal mucosal vasoconstrictor nasal drops, excessive concentration of the solution, non-isotonic solution, overdose or long-term use of drugs. All of these can damage the structure of nasal mucosal cilia, thus affecting the physiological function of the nasal mucosa and producing clinical conditions.
Prevention of drug rhinitis.
The main thing is the rational use of vasoconstrictor nasal drops. When suffering from disease causing nasal congestion, pay attention to treating the primary cause of nasal congestion to fundamentally solve the problem of nasal congestion, thus eliminating the need for nasal drops. In order to temporarily relieve the symptoms of nasal congestion, available such drugs, as long as a few drops, nasal congestion immediately pass, but not for a long time and blocked, so pay attention to the amount of medication and the number of doses, to avoid long-term use, long addiction, and triggered by drug rhinitis.
Treatment of drug rhinitis.
First: you should stop using vasoconstrictor nasal drops; stick to them for at least two weeks, then treat the primary cause and replace the original medication with other drugs. Saline plus dexamethasone can be used to make 0.25 mg/ml nasal drops, 20 ml for the first week, which can generally improve nasal ventilation, and only saline drops after the second week. If the symptoms do not improve in the first week, dexamethasone nasal drops for 1 week can be effective, note that the hormone point nasal time should not be too long to avoid adverse reactions. Taking antihistamines such as terfenadine internally along with the nasal drops will also help to cure the disease.
In addition: some drugs can also cause nasal congestion when used, also known as drug rhinitis, such as phentolamine, etc., but as long as you stop using the drug, usually about half an hour will lift the nasal congestion symptoms on their own.