Malignant tumor patients are a high-risk group for malnutrition, with a prevalence of 40% to 80%. Malnutrition seriously affects the prognosis and treatment tolerance of tumor patients and reduces the quality of life of tumor patients. Let’s learn how to manage nutrition well for different tumor patients after surgery through this article. After non-digestive tumor surgery After non-digestive tumor surgery, as the digestive tract and digestive ability are not greatly affected, soft and normal diet can be eaten. Small and frequent meals, high-energy and high-protein snacks can be consumed between main meals. The dietary principles are high calorie, high protein, high vitamin, and moderate amount of zinc and iron rich foods. Protein supply is 1 to 2g per kg of body weight per day, and foods rich in high quality protein include fish, lean meat, milk, eggs, beans and soy products. The best animal protein is fish protein, and the best vegetable protein is soybean protein. Pay attention to the food rich in vitamin A, vitamin C, iron and zinc, such as lean meat, pig liver, fish, egg yolk, pig blood, carrots, sweet potatoes, mangoes, peppers, persimmons, cauliflower, green peppers, oranges, grapes, tomatoes, kelp, nori, fungus, cinnamon, etc. Fresh vegetables and fruits are rich in vitamin C, which is good for iron absorption. Post-operative digestive tumor patients should follow the principle of “three highs and one low”, i.e. high vitamin, high protein, high calorie and low fat. Food should be varied and reasonably matched with various nutrients such as sugar, fat, protein, minerals and vitamins. If patients with colorectal cancer have symptoms of loss of appetite and indigestion due to chemotherapy, they can have a small number of meals and eat in several times without reducing the total intake. 1. It is advisable to eat more foods with anti-colorectal cancer effect, such as cauliflower, unicorn cabbage, walnut, barley, tzatziki, taro, fig, rhizome, asparagus, carrot, etc.; 2. It is advisable to eat more foods to reduce toxic reaction of chemotherapy, such as kiwi, fig, apple, orange, mung bean, red bean, black soybean, barley, walnut, shiitake mushroom, loofah, etc.; 3. It is advisable to eat more foods with immunity enhancing effect, such as tomato, Honey, almonds, carrots, asparagus, cut beans, lentils, yams, shiitake mushrooms, black fungus, etc.; 4. It is advisable to eat more foods with pus detoxification effect, such as loofah, winter melon, almonds, peach kernel, buckwheat, Ulva, rape, dasheen, fishy grass, walnuts, capers, etc. After total gastrectomy, each meal should not exceed 100 ml, and can be divided into 7 to 8 meals per day, choosing food that is fine and soft, less residue, less greasy and digestible. Avoid eating raw, cold, hard, greasy and irritating foods, such as chili, mustard, etc. In addition to eating cereals, you can eat more refined meat, poultry, fish, eggs, dairy and legumes and other high-protein foods. Food should pay attention to nutritional balance and variety, including sufficient carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins and so on. Carbohydrates include cereals, roots and tubers, such as rice, flour, potatoes, white potatoes, etc.; proteins are divided into vegetable and animal proteins, which are mainly distributed in beans and various kinds of meat; vegetables and fruits are rich in vitamins. Liver cancer patients Liver cancer cirrhosis Many patients with liver cancer are accompanied by liver cirrhosis. At this time, the blood flow pathway in the liver is blocked and a large amount of blood has to be rerouted, causing the veins in the esophagus and gastric fundus to dilate, thicken and protrude, which is called esophagogastric varices in medical science. The wall of varicose vein is thin, when rough peanut rice or hard and spiny fish and other foods pass through the esophagus and rub with varicose vein, it is very easy to make the vein rupture, thus causing gastrointestinal hemorrhage. The liver synthesizes many kinds of coagulation factors in human body, and patients with advanced liver cancer have low liver function and coagulation dysfunction, so it is difficult to stop bleeding by themselves, and once hemorrhage is caused, it is easy to cause hemorrhagic shock or induce hepatic encephalopathy and death. Therefore, patients should forbid to eat hard food, which will retain small crumbs even after chewing, and vegetables should be chopped and cooked before eating. Patients with liver cancer can eat more carrots, cauliflower, yellow cauliflower, cabbage, figs, dates and so on. They should also eat more fresh vegetables and fruits such as radish, pumpkin, bamboo shoots, asparagus, apple, umeboshi and kiwi. Patients and family members often think that giving high protein diet can quickly replenish nutrition and increase weight, but in fact, this method may be dangerous. Although the intake of high quality protein, such as lean meat, eggs, beans and milk, is beneficial to disease recovery in most cases, high protein food will produce a lot of ammonia in the body, which will seriously increase the burden on the liver, especially for patients with middle and late stage liver cancer whose liver function is obviously impaired, which will easily lead to liver coma, so the protein intake should be strictly controlled. Plant protein with less ammonia production such as soy milk and tofu can be used as the main protein intake food. Ascites peritoneal fluid is one of the most common complications of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Patients with ascites peritoneal fluid generally control their water intake to less than 1000 mL per day and choose a low-salt diet. “Salt restriction” is not only the control of salt added to dishes, but also salt-containing condiments (salt-containing MSG, soy sauce, etc.) and any food containing sodium, such as edible alkali or baking soda (sodium bicarbonate), including bread, cookies and cakes (sweet bread also contains a lot of salt, and pasta contains a lot of baking soda), carbonated beverages such as cola and soft drinks, and preserved products, etc.