The common feature of glaucoma is pathologically elevated intraocular pressure leading to optic nerve damage and visual field loss. Glaucoma has been ranked by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the second most blinding eye disease in the world and the blindness it causes is irreversible. According to WHO survey estimates, the global situation of glaucoma is serious. In 2010, there are more than 15 million glaucoma patients in China, including more than 8 million open-angle glaucoma, accounting for one-fifth of the world, and more than 7 million closed-angle glaucoma, accounting for nearly half of the world. It is necessary to introduce you to glaucoma-related knowledge, mainly in three parts to introduce you (IOP elevation, optic nerve damage, visual field defects) IOP elevation The water inside the eye (atrial fluid) is a dynamic cycle, produced by the ciliary process, passing through the pupil and flowing away from the anterior atrial angle into the vein, abnormalities in any of the pathways shown by the arrows will cause abnormal atrial fluid circulation, and the outflow of atrial fluid will be blocked, leading to an increase in IOP. Depending on the state of the atrial angle at the time of onset, glaucoma can be divided into open-angle glaucoma and closed-angle glaucoma. IOP elevation is clinically divided into two forms. 1. Acute IOP elevation: mostly seen in closed-angle glaucoma, manifested as eye redness, eye swelling, ipsilateral headache, nausea, vomiting, iris vision (colored halos around lights), and blurred vision. 2, chronic IOP elevation: seen in closed-angle glaucoma and open-angle glaucoma, manifested as episodes of eye distension and pain with headache, after sufficient sleep and rest IOP normal, symptoms disappear, a few people do not have any discomfort, vision is quietly “stolen”. Although the symptoms of acute IOP elevation are typical, it is easy to be mistaken for headache, cerebrovascular disease, gastroenteritis and go to neurology or internal medicine first. Therefore, if you have a headache, nausea, vomiting and vision loss, please also go to the ophthalmology department for examination. Patients with chronic IOP elevation may not have the typical manifestations mentioned above, but are usually found during physical examinations or eye screenings. When the words “large optic disc depression”, “suspicious glaucoma” and “shallow anterior chamber” appear in your medical report or medical record, you should not take them lightly and go to the ophthalmology clinic for further screening, as it is possible that glaucoma is coming to you step by step.