Authoritative guidelines state that there is some controversy over the need for consolidation therapy after autologous transplantation for multiple myeloma, and there are no clear rules about when to start consolidation therapy. Consolidation therapy after myeloma autologous transplantation refers to short-term therapy, usually a combination of 2 or more drugs, given before long-term maintenance therapy. Specific drugs include bortezomib, cyclophosphamide, and lenalidomide. Clinical guidelines state that re-stratification is recommended after myeloma autotransplantation. Consolidation therapy is used for high-risk patients, and maintenance therapy is required after hematopoietic reconstitution for patients who cannot be consolidated. Therefore, whether and when to start consolidation therapy after autologous transplantation for multiple myeloma depends on the patient’s condition, and the specific treatment should be carried out under the guidance of physicians.