The skin is the body’s health guardian, whenever the seasons change the skin is the first to suffer, autumn and winter is the season of climate change, the north: autumn wind up, low temperature, less rain, dry air. South: strong sunlight, rain and humidity, rampant insect activity, pay attention to adapt to the changing environment, protect the skin to avoid skin diseases to find. The following is an introduction to several common skin diseases and their prevention and treatment in autumn and winter. 1, pruritus: this itchy skin often starts in early autumn when rainfall decreases, occurring more in the elderly, by the reduction of skin secretion oil, dry skin, cracks, nerve endings are stimulated and itching. Prevention: autumn and winter to pay attention to skin moisturizing, reduce the number of baths, time and bath use, not to rub, according to personal circumstances after bathing with external emollients; loose clothing should be silk and cotton; sleep best not to cover the bedding with electric blankets, hot water bags, etc., which will promote the evaporation of moisture from the skin, aggravate the itchy skin, avoid scratching when itching, external drugs to stop itching, to prevent the occurrence of secondary skin diseases. Treatment: It is to correct the dry skin, external use of emollient cream, glycerin cream, cold cream, vitamin E cream, incomparable cream, etc.. Those with severe itching can take additional antihistamines such as paracetamol, cetirizine, Antalac, etc., or take sedative drugs. 2, eczema: the reasons for its occurrence are complex and varied, some are related to seasonal changes, many eczema occurs or worsens in autumn and winter, and there are a variety of forms, initially acute, for erythema, papules, blisters, etc.. If the treatment is not timely, it can become subacute or chronic, with thickening of the skin and formation of mossiness. Intense scratching, secondary to multiple morphological changes. Prevention: For eczema that tends to occur every autumn, attention should be paid to finding the cause, such as dryness, cold, exposure to something allergic caused by the need to change the environment unfavorable to the skin to remove allergens. Treatment: Eczema treatment is best cured in the acute stage, according to the rash shape of the lesions, choose a reasonable drug. It is best to consult a doctor at this time and ask him or her to use medication according to the skin lesions. The actual fact is that you can get a lot more than just a few of the most popular and most popular products. 3, urticaria: its cause is also complex, a variety of factors can be caused, including temperature changes caused by cold urticaria is a feature of the autumn season – the skin is cold wind cluster attack, warming after the wind cluster recede. Prevention: People who have this problem must pay attention to wind and cold when the seasons change and keep warm. You can start to pay attention to exercise the body to adapt to the cold, exercise cold baths, cold water rubbing from summer. Treatment: antihistamines can be taken. 4, psoriasis: psoriasis, commonly known as “psoriasis”, is a common chronic erythematous scaly skin disease. It is a common chronic erythematous scaling skin disease. The skin lesions are mainly erythematous or purplish red spots with varying degrees of flaking. “Psoriasis is not actually ringworm, and its etiology is still a complex and not yet fully revealed mystery. Most people with psoriasis are heavy in winter and light in summer, but it does not cause internal organ damage or infect others. There is no specific medicine, but early treatment is effective. Treating it urgently can relieve the symptoms. Some statistics find that the incidence of psoriasis is significantly higher in cold regions than in warm regions. Prevention: Patients with psoriasis pay attention to the prevention of colds and tonsillitis in the cold season. If you have the conditions, you can live a migratory life and go to live in the warm and humid south after autumn. It should be reminded that the large amount of scales shed by psoriasis patients makes the organism lose a large amount of keratin, which will cause hypoproteinemia if not supplemented in time. So it is recommended that you eat eggs, milk, soy products and fish. Then again, psoriasis patients are generally lacking in multivitamins and should eat more fresh fruits and vegetables, various kinds of beans and cereals. Smoking, alcohol, strong tea, coffee and spicy and acidic stimulating foods should be avoided. In addition, the incidence or recurrence of psoriasis is often related to neurological and mental factors, so patients should lift their ideological concerns and establish confidence in overcoming the disease. Be optimistic and cheerful and eliminate the mood swings caused by unpleasant events in life in time. Do not believe in folk remedies that have no scientific basis. To avoid aggravating the disease. Avoid excessive emotional stress and anxiety. Treatment: Avoid using irritating drugs for progressive lesions. For recurring lesions with small area, the sealing method can be used. Topical drugs are often used such as tar, salicylic acid, anthralin, corticosteroids, carbotriol and retinoic acid. 5.Ichthyosis: It is a hereditary skin disease with obvious seasonal changes. In summer, the skin lesions become less obvious due to sweating and humidity. In autumn and winter, when the weather is cooler, sweating is less and the air is drier, ichthyosis lesions become obvious, with ichthyosis-like appearance, and skin itching and flaking can also occur. Prevention: pay attention to skin moisturization after autumn, reduce the number of baths, and use less or no bathing lotion. Apply emollient creams and ointments after washing. Treatment: You can use 0.1% vitamin A acid ointment, 10%-20% urea cream, 5%-10% salicylic acid ointment or lactic acid ointment, 10% cod liver oil cream for external use, which has good effect. After bathing or in winter, you can often apply petroleum jelly emollient cream on the affected area to help moisturize the skin. 6, frostbite: is due to cold stimulation caused by the skin limited blood circulation disorders and skin inflammation. Many people think that frostbite only occurs when the temperature is below zero degrees Celsius, but in fact, it can be caused when the temperature is below 10 degrees Celsius, but of course, the lower the temperature, the higher the chance of frostbite occurring and the faster the time. Frostbite is especially likely to occur in people who lack exercise, have poor peripheral blood circulation, and have sweaty hands and feet. Frostbite is also caused by cycling without paying attention to warmth, outdoor activities for children without paying attention to insulation, and wearing clothes that are too tight. Prevention: (1) Strengthen exercise to promote blood circulation; (2) Pay attention to nutrition to improve resistance to cold; (3) Pay attention to heat preservation and do not wear thin, tight clothing and footwear. Treatment: (1) When the frozen part of mild frostbite is rewarmed, soak in warm water at 17-27 degrees Celsius for 5-10 minutes, then soak in warm water at 27-37 degrees Celsius for 5 minutes and 37-42 degrees Celsius for 5 minutes, so that local blood circulation is gradually restored. However, do not soak in higher temperature water at the beginning, and do not bake on the stove immediately; (2) slightly heavier frostbite can use one of the following drug formulas, decocted in water and fumigated on the affected area, with the same drug temperature adjustment as above: ① 5g pepper 1g ginger 5g; ② 6g each of angelica, safflower, Chuanwu and CaoWu, 10g turbinaria ③ 30g fig leaf; ④ 10g mugwort 10g Phellodendron 10g licorice 5g; (3) polysulfonic acid (3) Mucopolysaccharide cream (Xie He Tuo), topical application, has improved blood circulation, anticoagulation, antithrombotic and anti-inflammatory effects in the affected area, and is applied externally 2-3 times a day after the above warm water therapy, which has good effect on mild to moderate frostbite (without ulceration); (4) The condition is serious and cannot be relieved by the above methods, especially when there is a large range of edematous erythema, or blisters, vesicles and ulcers must be seen in a hospital. Under the guidance of the doctor to apply blood activation, anti-inflammatory and other methods of treatment. 7, athlete’s foot: athlete’s foot is called tinea pedis, a fungal infection, fungi like a warm, humid environment, and now women often wear long boots with high confinement and poor ventilation, moist boots become a breeding ground for fungi, easily leading to athlete’s foot attacks, athlete’s foot is a common skin disease in the summer, but there are many people suffering from athlete’s foot in winter. In winter, many people like to do foot baths for health, but do not pay attention to its sanitary conditions, and there are many people who are infected with foot fungus. Prevention: Because foot odor can be transmitted through contact, especially among family members is easy to infect each other. Therefore, everyone should pay attention to personal hygiene, even at home, it is best to personal items for exclusive use, do not share towels, bath towels and wash face, foot wash basin, slippers, etc., home towels, bath towels and other items should also be regularly cleaned and disinfected. Women should not wear the same pair of boots every day, boots should often dry, keep dry, but also to wash feet, socks, do not create conditions for the growth of fungus. Treatment: 1. Toes with erosion, exudate: can not be used externally irritating drugs, it is best to make the wound surface astringent dry before using drugs. You can use 1: 8000 potassium permanganate solution wet compress, and then topical oil or powder, and after the skin dries, switch to creams or ointments such as terbinafine hydrochloride. 2. If the skin keratinization thickening is serious, antifungal drugs are difficult to penetrate and absorb, you can first use 10% salicylic acid ointment or compound benzoic acid ointment to soften the keratin, and then use antifungal drugs. If the skin is obviously dry and cracked, you can soak in warm water each time to soften the keratin, and then use antifungal drugs. If the skin is obviously dry and cracked, you can apply oil cream locally after soaking in warm water each time, then seal the package with plastic film and wrap a bandage around it, remove it after 24 to 48 hours, and then use antifungal medicine. 3. Systemic treatment: For stubborn tinea pedis, oral medications can be given in the absence of contraindications. Such as terbinafine, itraconazole, fluconazole, etc. These oral medications are effective, but attention should be paid to their possible side effects, and they are contraindicated in people with poor liver function. 4. Be persistent with your medication: Tinea pedis is a chronic infection in which the fungus grows and multiplies in the keratin layer and requires long-term medication to remove it completely. Therefore, after the symptoms of tinea pedis are relieved, you still need to stick to the medication. The metabolic cycle of the skin is about 28 days, so you must stick to the medication for more than four weeks. It is best to have a fungal examination and culture, and it is considered cured only if it is negative for three consecutive weeks. Therefore, in the autumn and winter, we should maintain a balanced diet and eat less greasy, sweet and stimulating food, tobacco and alcohol. Eat more vitamin-rich food that can strengthen the body’s immunity, but also to resist pathogenic microbial infections. Because a variety of vegetables and fruits are rich in vitamin C, which has a natural anti-allergic effect. In addition, the air is dry in autumn and winter, do not use too much detergent and strong skin cleanser, which can easily damage the skin lipid film and reduce skin resistance, leading to dry skin and allergies. Finally, once the skin disease should be actively looking for the cause of the disease, timely medical treatment. Pay attention to improve the living environment, avoid external bad stimulation, such as hot water washing, violent scratching, etc., to add clothing in a timely manner, to avoid excessive fatigue, to maintain a comfortable mood, a healthy skin, to avoid the trouble of skin disease.