Hemodialysis is one of the major renal replacement therapies for patients with renal failure, and the establishment of an effective vascular access is a prerequisite for the smooth performance of hemodialysis, which is called the lifeline of dialysis patients. In recent years, with the increasing number of elderly patients and the increasing incidence of diabetes, hypertension, obesity and other diseases, the establishment of vascular access is becoming more and more difficult, and the complications associated with it are becoming more and more common. Arteriovenous endovascular fistula: It is the most widely used vascular access for dialysis patients. The radial artery and the cephalic vein of the forearm are often used as the arteriovenous endotracheal fistula. After a few weeks of surgery, the vein is dilated and the wall is thickened, and repeated punctures can be made in the arterialized veins, mostly in the non-dominant forearm. Endovascular fistula is the safest and longest applied, according to statistics 65%-75% of endovascular fistulas can still be used after 3 years of dialysis. Vascular grafts: When the patient’s own blood vessels cannot be used to create an arteriovenous endovascular fistula, self, allograft, or artificial vessel bypass fistulas are available. In addition, our center is very experienced in dealing with complications caused by various types of arteriovenous fistulas, so patients should seek medical attention when they develop swelling and inflammatory manifestations in the arm on the side of the arteriovenous fistula.