Brainstem damage can be identified by symptoms, intracranial pressure monitoring, CT and MRI. 1. Symptoms: Patients with brainstem damage may show symptoms such as impaired consciousness, dystonia, pupil changes, etc. In severe cases, symptoms such as increased muscle tone, movement disorders and respiratory disorders may occur. 2. Intracranial pressure monitoring: Sensors and monitors can be used to continuously measure intracranial pressure, and dynamic changes in intracranial pressure can be observed. It is helpful to identify primary or secondary brainstem injury. Generally, secondary brainstem injury can have obvious increase in intracranial pressure, while primary one does not have obvious increase. 3. CT and MRI: Intracranial CT and MRI scans can also be used to identify brainstem injuries. MRI scans show more clearly than intracranial CT for small hemorrhagic foci and contusions within the brainstem, especially for more subtle damage. Brainstem damage can also be identified in other ways, and it is recommended that patients consult a doctor in a timely manner and choose the appropriate tests according to their own conditions.