There are many effective treatments for lung cancer, including surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, as well as targeted therapy, gene therapy, and biological therapy. As we all know, early stage non-small cell lung cancer without metastasis can be cured by surgery alone; advanced lung cancer with extensive metastasis can only rely on chemotherapy. There are many effective treatments for lung cancer, including surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, as well as targeted therapy, gene therapy, biological therapy and so on. In life, we often encounter: some people are completely cured of lung cancer after surgery only, but others have recurrence and metastasis soon after surgery; some advanced patients have survived for nearly ten years by taking only oral targeted drugs, but others have rapidly worsened after taking the same drugs; some people have gained a normal life after chemotherapy, but others say: “You can’t take chemotherapy, it will kill you fast! “…… There are many similar examples, in the end which treatment is the most effective? How to cure the best? As we all know, early stage non-small cell lung cancer without metastasis can be cured by surgery alone; advanced lung cancer that has metastasized extensively can only rely on chemotherapy. Is this the case? Maybe it is not that simple. Microscopic spread of lung cancer can occur at an early stage, and doctors usually say “no metastasis” when the metastatic cancer cells have not yet formed a clinically visible mass. If surgery alone is performed, the cancer cells often recur and metastasize due to the residual cancer cells. Therefore, for the so-called “no metastasis” lung cancer, the possibility of residual cancer cells should be carefully analyzed and postoperative chemotherapy should be performed if necessary. For advanced lung cancer, although chemotherapy drugs can reach the whole body with blood, it is almost impossible to cure lung cancer by chemotherapy alone. This is because chemotherapy involves at least two aspects: drug sensitivity and the body’s tolerance to toxicity. The sensitivity is related to the tissue type and gene expression of cancer cells; while the therapeutic effect can be obtained only if the patient can tolerate the toxicity of the treatment, so the setting of chemotherapy regimen also needs to consider the patient’s physical condition. Inappropriate chemotherapy will not only be ineffective but will also accelerate the deterioration of the disease because of the toxic effects. Radiotherapy is a type of local treatment similar to surgery. However, lung cancer cells are not always sensitive to radiotherapy, so it is not as effective as surgery for patients who can be operated on. However, for unresectable metastasis-free lung cancer, chemotherapy along with radiation therapy is far more effective than chemotherapy alone. Targeted therapy is a systemic treatment similar to chemotherapy, which uses molecules specific to tumor cells as the target of attack and normal cells are almost unaffected, and therefore has fewer side effects. However, only tumors carrying specific molecules are effective, and genetic or molecular biology testing is often required prior to targeted therapy. Each of these treatments has its own highly successful examples and drawbacks. However, it is possible to develop the best comprehensive treatment plan based on the individual patient with the guidance of an experienced physician. In fact, lung cancer is also a chronic disease and most lung cancer patients can live a normal life in the long term with scientific treatment.