How do parents and infants transmit hepatitis B?

A, about the mother 1, the big three small three positive can be pregnant There is no effective way to make the big three positive turn to stable small three positive DNA negative case, the current view is that as long as the liver function is normal when the big three small three can be pregnant. If you wait for the DNA to turn negative or completely negative is out of reach, if you wait until the liver function is not normal then it is very passive. Pay attention to blocking when you are pregnant. 2, is it necessary to play globulin during pregnancy This is the most controversial issue, various clinical studies have no uniform results, some say it helps, some say it does not help. Non-commercial institutions do not support the injection, and those who support the injection are mostly local hospitals, perhaps due to profits. The overall conclusion is that the majority of people recommend injections. Personally, I don’t think it’s necessary to play globulin for small triplets with negative DNA, and large triplets can consider it on their own or follow the advice of the hospital’s doctors. For the sake of comfort, peace of mind and increased confidence alone, it is worth injecting. 3.Where is the key to interruption? The most critical and non-controversial part of interruption is the injection of globulin into the baby. I think: it is strongly recommended that the first injection of globulin be completed within 2 hours after the baby is born; the second injection of globulin is recommended within 15-30 days for the baby of a mother with large triplets, and the baby born to a mother with small triplet DNA negative may not have the second injection. There are two options for vaccination: one is to give the first shot within 24 hours of birth, followed by one shot each in January and June; the second is to give the first vaccine 15 or 30 days after the first globulin injection, and the second and third vaccines are delayed according to national planning rules, such as the first vaccine is given on 15 days, the second vaccine on 45 days, and the third vaccine on the 15th day after half a year of age. 4. What is the mother-to-child infection rate After the blockade was performed, among the examples on the forum and the examples published by the research institute, I found that the blockade success rate for mothers with major triplets is about 90%, and the blockade rate for minor triplets with negative DNA is close to 100%. So the total average is about 95-97% blocking rate (this is the nationally recognized rate). 5.Can you breastfeed your baby? If you have blocked your baby (after the birth of your child, you have received globulin and vaccines), you can breastfeed your baby. If you have a small triple positive DNA, you can rest assured. However, be careful to avoid it when there is damage to the nipple. If the big three yang really feel uneasy, then artificial it, as smart and lovely baby. 6, the normal birth and cesarean section which is conducive to interruption both the same, there is no which is better. Hepatitis B virus is not a factor in deciding the mode of delivery. The doctor should decide the mode of delivery according to the condition of the baby at the time of delivery. 7.How to contact between mother and baby after birth Blood and saliva should not be in direct contact, such as everyone’s wounds, mother’s blood stains, etc.. Other can be normal contact, such as kissing face head and feet, etc. Please do not be nervous for contact. Even if you come into contact with body fluids, the chance of getting infected is extremely low. But we can be more careful, of course, there is nothing to lose. In fact, no matter how careful we are with our children, it is impossible to completely eliminate contact with these bodily fluids. 8. Is globulin safe? As long as it is produced by regular manufacturers, it is safe (there are no underground manufacturers who can produce globulin). Theoretically, the side effects of globulin are these: causing virus mutation, causing vaccination failure in infants, causing functional burden on the mother’s kidneys, and the possibility of transmitting other diseases from blood products. In practice, I don’t think this has happened except for the failure of vaccination of infants. This is one of the causes of intrauterine infections in mothers and babies, but it is important to distinguish the location of the pre-eclampsia and not to worry if it is not caused by the placenta. Many JM have experienced this during pregnancy, but the child is very healthy. 10, after pregnancy found liver function abnormal how to do because of the early pregnancy reaction and fetal burden on the liver, even healthy people may be pregnant after the liver function abnormal. So don’t be nervous, stay calm and relaxed, liver function is not 200 without treatment, review the situation after two weeks, and of course consult the responsible doctor. Even if you have to be hospitalized, it is not a very dangerous thing, the medication prescribed by the doctor is safe. There are many JM have this experience. Liver function and mood have some connection, a good mood is often better than all drugs! 11.Can’t you get pregnant if you have abnormal liver function before pregnancy? Yes, the fetus will increase the burden on the liver after pregnancy, so you are worried about the substantial increase of liver function which is not good for mother and child. If you have abnormal liver function before pregnancy, then it is more likely to rise further after pregnancy, which is more detrimental to the safety of pregnancy. However, there is a situation that is not in the period of medication, but the liver function has been slightly abnormal, and at this time and have to be pregnant, you can also consider pregnancy, but pay more attention to the situation of liver function, early detection and early enzyme reduction to protect the fetus. 12, can you get pregnant when taking lamivudine or interferon At present, domestic and foreign data and clinical studies show that there is no evidence to prove that lamivudine can cause teratology, that is to say, there is no real case to confirm that it is taking lamivudine and cause teratology. However, the clinical studies on the use of lamivudine for fertility have only been conducted for a few years, and there are not many studies and cases, so the majority of doctors do not recommend pregnancy under the principle of safety. If you have an unplanned pregnancy, your doctor’s attitude is usually to let you think about it, so think about it yourself. Both lamivudine and interferon have been reported to affect the fetus in animal experiments, but no adverse effects have been recorded in human clinical practice for the time being. Note: The mega dose used in animal experiments, while the human body of course uses the normal amount of drugs. 13.What tests should be done more than healthy pregnant women before and after pregnancy Detailed liver function, ultrasound, DNA quantification should be done before pregnancy. Liver function tests should also be done in the early, middle and late stages after pregnancy. 14.Can you get pregnant when taking enzyme-lowering drugs or liver-protective drugs There are too many enzyme-lowering drugs in the world, and some of them are even counterfeit, so pay attention to this. In addition, pay attention to the ingredients of the drug and the drug description. And consult your doctor. The concept of paternal-infant infection refers to infection during fetal life, rather than acquired infection after birth. There is very little research on father-infant infection, so I can only say that the chances are very small, so small that we can omit to calculate. But I can not guarantee that there is no, as long as the child was born after the three vaccinations required by the state, is very reassuring. Just pay attention to the contact infection after the outbreak. Forum seen, there is not a single case is confirmed true father-infant infection. 2, the male partner is a carrier, the female partner during pregnancy to play globulin Do not need. The reason is that there is no blockage between the father and the child. If unfortunately, the infection is really infected during the fetal period, it is useless to give any injection. 3, the male partner is a carrier of the baby born after the birth of whether to play globulin not. The reason is as above. 4, how to contact between father and baby after birth blood, saliva do not directly contact, such as everyone’s wounds, picking knife, etc.. Other can be normal contact, such as kissing face head and feet, etc. Please do not be nervous for contact. Even if contact with body fluids, the chance of infection is extremely low. But we can be more careful, of course, there is nothing wrong. In fact, no matter how careful we are in contact with our children, it is not possible to completely cut off contact with these bodily fluids. 5, taking lamivudine or interferon can have a child The current information and clinical studies show that there is no evidence that the woman taking lamivudine during pregnancy will make the fetus teratogenic. But lamivudine has only been used in clinical studies for fertility for a few years, and there are not many studies and cases, so under the principle of safety, most doctors do not recommend that women take lamivudine during pregnancy. Both Lamy and interferon have been reported to have effects on the fetus in animal studies, but no adverse effects have been recorded in human clinical practice at this time. Note: The mega-dose used in animal experiments, while the normal dose used in humans, of course. — From the above can be reasoned, for the male partner should be more at ease. 6, liver function abnormalities when you can have children liver function abnormalities are not affected by sperm. But if you take the drug depends on the drug situation, you can generally have children. The first is that both parties are carriers. 1. Is there any increase in the rate of infection of the fetus when both parties are carriers? Since the rate of intrauterine infection of the fetus by the father is considered almost zero, the rate of infection is still determined by the mother. 2.Will both carriers aggravate each other’s disease? No, why do some people have major triplets and some people have minor triplets? In fact, it is simply the response of the virus to different immune states in the body, for example, if you have a lower immunity, the virus will replicate so strongly that you will have major triplets, and on the contrary, you will have minor triplets with negative DNA. However, there is a situation where different subtypes of viruses can infect each other, but this can only be known by doing laboratory analysis of the type of virus, which is not necessary. It doesn’t matter what kind of virus it is, it depends on the degree of inflammation in the liver. If the liver function is always normal, that is, if the inflammation in the liver is mild, the virus is the same.