People usually spend 1/3 of the day and night sleeping, i.e., they go to sleep at night and wake up during the day, forming a sleep-wake rhythm. Sleep-wake rhythm disorders are sleep disorders caused by a sleep-wake rhythm that is different from the usual one. The disorder is most common in adults and is rarely seen in childhood or adolescence. It is a manifestation of abnormal behavior during sleep and abnormal amount of sleep, as well as a manifestation of disruption of the normal rhythm of sleep and wakefulness. It can be caused by a variety of factors and is often associated with physical illness. It includes sleep disorders and anomalous sleep. Sleep is closely related to human health. However, according to surveys, many people suffer from sleep disorders or sleep-related diseases, and the proportion of adults who develop sleep disorders is as high as 30%. Experts point out that sleep is an extremely important physiological function to maintain human life and is essential for the human body. Therefore, sleep disorders must be given sufficient attention. Long-term insomnia can lead to brain dysfunction, causing a variety of harm to the body and seriously affecting physical and mental health. Studies have found that the caudal part of the brainstem has a very important relationship with sleep and is considered to be the location of the sleep center, where various stimulating lesions cause excessive sleep and destructive lesions cause reduced sleep. It has also been found that central neuromediators are involved in sleep. Stimulation of 5-hydroxytryptaminergic neurons or injection of 5-hydroxytryptophan acid produces non-rapid eye movement phase sleep, while administration of 5-hydroxytryptophan antagonists produces reduced sleep. With norepinephrine antagonists, there is a decrease in REM sleep, while administration of norepinephrine agonists produces an increase in REM sleep. The doctrine of sleep in TCM is summarized in the doctrine of yin and yang sleep, the doctrine of Wei-Qi running sleep and the doctrine of Shen-Master sleep. The doctrine of yin and yang sleep is the general framework, which reveals the basic principles of sleep and wakefulness; the doctrine of Weiqi running sleep is the concretization of the doctrine of yin and yang, which reveals the essence of movement of sleep; and the doctrine of Shen-main sleep highlights the holistic view of sleep in TCM, which reveals that sleep is a form of life activity of the human body as a whole. In contrast, he summarized sleep disorders as follows: insomnia due to yin deficiency, insomnia due to stomach disharmony, sleepiness due to yang deficiency and sleepiness due to dampness, and he also particularly emphasized the dominant role of yin and yang in the understanding of sleep. Human emotional and mental activities are the brain’s reflection of objective things, and this reflection is the scope of the heart and brain nerve activity. And the liver is the master of drainage, regulating mental and emotional, so the heart, brain, liver and sleep are closely related.