Serum bilirubin is transiently slightly elevated in patients after cholecystectomy. If the bilirubin level is persistently elevated after surgery, it may be due to biliary tract injury, biliary tract obstruction, and the combination of other diseases. 1. Biliary tract injury: Biliary tract injury is the most common factor leading to elevated bilirubin after cholecystectomy. Due to biliary tract injury, bilirubin cannot be excreted normally, resulting in elevated serum bilirubin. In addition, the patient will be combined with fever, abdominal fluid and other symptoms. 2. Biliary obstruction: After cholecystectomy, some patients may have bile duct stones not completely removed or gallbladder stones dislodged into the bile ducts, resulting in biliary obstruction and a significant increase in bilirubin. This kind of patients can be detected through imaging tests, and the bilirubin level will gradually return to normal after the stones are removed. 3. Other diseases: patients with autoimmune hemolytic anemia, congenital bilirubin metabolism disorders, chronic hepatitis and other comorbidities often also have elevated bilirubin, which is not directly related to cholecystectomy. Patients with elevated bilirubin after cholecystectomy are advised to have a timely review to identify the cause for targeted treatment.