Dietary regimen is the most basic and effective measure of non-dialysis therapy for chronic renal failure, and is the basis of all drug therapy. Its role is as follows.
1, maintaining a good nutritional status.
2, delaying the progression of renal failure.
3.Preventing and reducing the metabolic disorders caused by kidney failure.
4, delaying the time of entering dialysis and reducing the number of dialysis after entering dialysis.
Its content includes: high quality and low amount of protein diet; high calorie diet and moderate vitamin and mineral intake; control of sodium, potassium, phosphorus, purine and lipid intake.
So, what should be noted in the diet of patients with chronic renal failure?
1, limit water: If the amount of urine discharge is reduced, the fluid entering through the mouth will be retained in the body, resulting in swelling, increased blood pressure and even pulmonary edema, at this time, the daily fluid intake must be limited, usually the amount of fluid intake through the mouth is approximately equal to the daily urine output plus 500cc.
2, high quality low protein diet: for chronic renal failure patients advocate a high quality protein diet, that is, protein rich in essential amino acids. Such as milk, eggs, lean meat, fish, etc.. The amount of protein intake should be adjusted according to the creatinine clearance rate of the patient. Usually, the recommended protein intake is 0.6 grams per kilogram of body weight, for example, if the body weight is 50 kg, the daily protein intake should be limited to 30 grams. At the same time, under the strict limit of protein intake, protein sources must be carefully selected in order to be fully utilized by the body, and it is recommended that at least 2/3 of the daily allowance be supplied by high quality protein. Foods rich in vegetable protein such as peanuts, beans and products: tofu, dried bean curd, soy milk, soybean skin, etc. are used with caution.
3, low salt diet: 80% of patients with chronic renal failure are accompanied by hypertension, when renal insufficiency, the body is unable to excrete excessive sodium ions, resulting in hypertension, edema, ascites, pulmonary effusion, increasing the burden on the heart, which can easily lead to heart failure over time. Excessive sodium intake can lead to sodium and water retention, which can not only aggravate edema, but also hypertension. Therefore, we must limit the intake of sodium, according to the condition of sodium intake can be limited to 2-3g/d, and forbid the consumption of pickled foods, salt, soy sauce, miso, ketchup, salsa, etc. contain a lot of sodium, processing and pickled cans also contain a lot of sodium, so daily life as far as possible to use natural food, cooking can be more use of white sugar, white vinegar, onion, ginger, garlic, five spices, cinnamon, pepper, cilantro, etc. to make Food has other flavors to increase the palatability of food.
4, limit phosphorus ions: the main function of phosphorus is to strengthen the bones, almost all foods contain phosphorus, kidney failure patients because the kidneys can not work properly, excess phosphorus accumulation in the blood, resulting in high blood phosphorus, can lead to itchy skin and bone lesions. Usually physicians will prescribe aluminum hydroxide or calcium carbonate tablets, both of which are phosphorus-binding agents that bind to phosphorus in food and cause it to be excreted in the feces. In addition to taking phosphorus binding agents, foods high in phosphorus such as dairy products, soft drinks, colas, yeast, offal, dried beans, whole b’s (brown rice, whole wheat bread), eggs, dried small fish, etc. should also be avoided with caution. Chronic renal failure hyperuricemia, the diet should be strictly controlled high purine food, such as milk, egg yolk, animal offal, bone marrow, seafood, etc.
5.Limit potassium ion: When the kidney function is bad, it may not be able to remove the excess potassium effectively, and too high blood potassium can cause serious heart conduction and contraction abnormalities, or even death. Potassium intake, as long as the urine volume is greater than 1000ml generally do not need to restrict, high blood potassium, should be less use of high potassium ion content of sparse vegetables and fruits. Such as purple cabbage, asparagus, spinach, snow red, cornmeal, shiitake mushrooms, cauliflower, spinach, hollow cabbage, bamboo shoots, carrots, mustard, pomegranate, loquat, hard persimmon, orange, banana, cinnamon, etc.; other such as coffee, strong tea, chicken essence, beef essence, ginseng essence, thick broth, thin salt soy sauce, unsalted soy sauce, half salt, salt substitute, etc. Potassium content is also high.
6, supplemental calories: chronic renal failure patients should be supplied with adequate amounts of carbohydrates and fats to ensure sufficient calories to reduce the breakdown of protein, so that the nitrogen of the low-protein diet is fully utilized to reduce the consumption of protein in the body. It is advisable to supply not less than 30kcal/kg per day, vegetable oil and sugar can be consumed, because rice and noodles also contain poor quality protein, so patients are encouraged to eat more sweet potatoes, taro, potatoes, Chinese yam powder, lotus root powder, etc. Attention should also be paid to the supply of foods rich in vitamin C, B vitamins, folic acid and iron. Daily calorie intake is recommended: 35-45 calories per kilogram of body weight.
What is good for chronic renal failure patients to eat?
1, soft food, avoid hard food and fried food
Patients with chronic renal failure often have congestion and erosion of the gastrointestinal mucosa due to retention of toxins in the body and impaired blood microcirculation, such as eating hard foods, fried foods such as sesame cake candy, fried noodles and nests, often lead to bleeding caused by food cutting through blood vessels in the stomach. Due to chronic renal failure, uremia patients with coagulation disorders, bleeding is difficult to stop, it will lead to death.
2, diet should be light, avoid spicy and irritating food
Chronic renal failure, uremia patients gastrointestinal mucosa is often congested, erosion, such as eating chili, white wine and other irritating food, often aggravate the erosion of the gastrointestinal mucosa, resulting in blood leakage of the gastric lining vessels.
3, dog, sheep, chicken, fish, shrimp, goose and other food should be cautious
Chinese medicine believes that dog, mutton, fish and shrimp, chicken and goose are hairy products, which can easily cause relapse or aggravation of the disease. This is also a problem that needs attention in the dietary regulation of patients with chronic renal failure.