Viral meningitis is a group of diffuse inflammatory syndromes of the soft meninges (soft membranes and arachnoid) caused by various viral infections, mainly manifesting fever, headache, vomiting and signs of meningeal irritation, and is the most common clinical aseptic meningitis. Most are enterovirus infections, including poliovirus, coxsackievirus A and B, and echovirus, followed by mumps virus, herpes virus, and adenovirus infections, with herpes viruses including herpes simplex virus and varicella zoster virus. The cerebrospinal fluid is colorless and clear, with leukocytosis, mainly lymphocytes, and normal sugar and chloride. The course of the disease is benign, mostly within 2 weeks, usually no more than 3 weeks, self-limiting, and has a good prognosis.
The clinical manifestations of viral encephalitis The prodromal symptoms are upper respiratory or gastrointestinal symptoms, such as fever, headache, sore throat, vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite, etc.
Neuropsychiatric symptoms 1. Disorders of consciousness in the lighter cases are indifferent, sluggish or irritable, drowsy to the outside world; in the heavier cases, delirium and coma.
2, increased intracranial pressure headache, vomiting, dizziness and even brain herniation, the infant’s fontanelle is full.
3.Convulsions can be limited, generalized or continuous.
4.Motor dysfunction can be central or peripheral paralysis of one side or one limb depending on the site of damage; it can also be extrapyramidal movement disorders such as choreiform movements and muscle ankylosis; there can be strabismus, facial paralysis or swallowing disorder due to cerebral nerve paralysis.
Mental disorders such as memory loss, disorientation, hallucinations, hallucinations, mood changes, irritability, and sometimes suspicion, which are often mistaken for psychosis or frontal lobe tumors.
Concomitant symptoms Viral infection is a systemic disease, but each virus has its own unique clinical manifestations. For example, Echovirus and Coxsackie virus infections often have a small measles-like rash or are accompanied by myocarditis or pericarditis. In mumps, the parotid gland is enlarged (and may be preceded by encephalitis). In herpes simplex virus infection, a herpes rash appears around the mouth and lips. The duration of the disease is usually about 2 weeks, and most cases recover completely. Only a few cases have sequelae of epilepsy, visual and hearing impairment, limb paralysis, and varying degrees of mental retardation.